Romans 11:28

As concerning the gospel, they are enemies for your sakes: but as touching the election, they are beloved for the fathers’ sakes.

Cross-reference

Romans 11:30 explains how Gentiles obtained mercy through Israel’s unbelief, clarifying the 'enemies for your sakes' in Romans 11:28.

Romans 11:11 explains that Israel’s fall brought salvation to Gentiles — Romans 11:28 echoes this by calling them enemies for your sakes.

Romans 11:7 Parallel

Romans 11:7 clarifies that 'the election' obtained salvation, linking directly to 'as touching the election, they are beloved' in Romans 11:28.

Romans 11:5 Parallel

In Romans 11:5, Paul introduces the remnant chosen by grace — this clarifies that the 'election' in 11:28 refers to that faithful remnant.

Romans 3:2 Parallel

In Romans 3:2, Paul notes the Jews were entrusted with God's oracles — an earlier privilege that underscores their election.

Romans 9:5 Parallel

In Romans 9:5, Paul lists the patriarchs and Christ's Jewish lineage — the very 'fathers' for whose sake Israel is beloved.

Acts 18:6 Historical context

Acts 18:6 repeats the pattern: Jews reject Paul, so he turns to Gentiles — echoing Romans 11:28's 'enemies for your sakes'.

Acts 13:46 Historical context

Acts 13:46 shows Paul turning to Gentiles because Jews rejected the gospel — directly embodying Romans 11:28's 'enemies for your sakes'.

Luke 1:68–75 Related theme

Luke 1:68-75 celebrates God's mercy in remembering the covenant and oath to Abraham — the patriarchal promise securing Israel's election in Romans 11:28.

Luke 1:54 Related theme

Luke 1:54 recalls God's mercy to Israel in remembrance of His promise to Abraham — the same covenant that makes Israel beloved in Romans 11:28.

Micah 7:20 Allusion

Micah 7:20 affirms God's faithfulness to Jacob and steadfast love to Abraham — the patriarchal oath that secures Israel's election in Romans 11:28.

Jeremiah 31:3 Related theme

Jeremiah 31:3 declares God's everlasting love for Israel — the same love that underlies their election in Romans 11:28.

Isaiah 41:9 Allusion

Isaiah 41:9 affirms God has chosen Israel and not cast them away, supporting the 'beloved' status in Romans 11:28 despite current rejection.

Psalm 105:8-11 recounts God's covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob — the patriarchal promises that keep Israel beloved in Romans 11:28.

Leviticus 26:40-42 shows God remembers the covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, directly supporting 'beloved for the fathers' sakes' in Romans 11:28.

Deuteronomy 4:31 promises God will not forget the covenant with the fathers, reinforcing the enduring love for Israel in Romans 11:28.

Deuteronomy 7:7 emphasizes God's choice of Israel based on love, aligning with the election aspect of 'beloved for the fathers' sakes' in Romans 11:28.

Deuteronomy 7:8 ties God's love directly to the oath sworn to the fathers, explaining why Israel is 'beloved for the fathers' sakes' in Romans 11:28.

Deuteronomy 8:18 confirms God's covenant sworn to the fathers — the same patriarchal promise that grounds Israel's election in Romans 11:28.

Deuteronomy 9:5 states God's oath to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob — the reason Israel is beloved in Romans 11:28 despite unworthiness.

Deuteronomy 10:15 says God set His love on the fathers and chose their offspring — directly echoing the election for the fathers' sake in Romans 11:28.

Isaiah 41:8 Allusion

Isaiah 41:8 calls Israel God's chosen servant, reinforcing the election basis for why they are 'beloved for the fathers' sakes' in Romans 11:28.

Malachi 1:2 Parallel

In Malachi 1:2, God declares His love for Jacob by election — the same elective love that makes Israel beloved for the fathers' sake.

Malachi 3:6 Parallel

In Malachi 3:6, God's unchanging nature ensures Israel's preservation — explaining why they remain beloved despite being enemies.

1 Kings 15:4 says God gave a lamp to Jerusalem for David's sake, mirroring the principle of acting for the sake of the forefathers.

Luke 1:55 Allusion

In Luke 1:55, Mary recalls God's mercy to Abraham and his seed — directly echoing the covenant faithfulness that makes Israel beloved.

Jeremiah 11:15 questions the beloved status of Israel due to their vile deeds, contrasting with Paul's affirmation that they are still beloved.

Luke 1:72 Allusion

In Luke 1:72, God performs mercy promised to the fathers and remembers His holy covenant — grounds for Israel being beloved.

Isaiah 65:9 Parallel

Isaiah 65:9 promises a chosen offspring from Jacob, directly connecting to the election for the forefathers' sake Paul describes.

Leviticus 26:45 shows God remembering His covenant with the ancestors, directly supporting Paul's claim that Israel is beloved for the forefathers' sake.

Genesis 28:14 Historical context

Genesis 28:14 gives the covenant promise to Jacob, a patriarch whose sake grounds Israel's belovedness in Romans 11:28.

Amos 9:8 Parallel

In Amos 9:8, God promises not to utterly destroy Jacob despite judgment — reinforcing that Israel remains beloved for the patriarchs' sake.

Exodus 20:6 Contrast

Exodus 20:6 promises steadfast love conditionally to those who keep commandments — contrasting with the unconditional election for the fathers' sake in Romans 11:28.

Genesis 26:4 Historical context

Genesis 26:4 records the covenant promise to Isaac, one of the 'fathers' whose sake makes Israel beloved in Romans 11:28.

Acts 13:45 Historical context

Acts 13:45 illustrates the enmity of Romans 11:28 — Jews opposing Paul’s gospel message out of envy.

Matthew 21:43 Related theme

Matthew 21:43 shows the kingdom taken from Israel and given to another — Romans 11:28 similarly says Israel is enemies for the gospel to go to Gentiles.

1 Thessalonians 2:15 details Jewish hostility — killing Jesus and persecuting apostles — which aligns with Romans 11:28's 'enemies' status.

1 Thessalonians 2:16 describes Jewish hostility to the gospel, showing why they are 'enemies for your sakes' in Romans 11:28.

Acts 14:2 Historical context

Acts 14:2 provides another example of Jewish hostility to the gospel, consistent with Romans 11:28 calling them enemies.