Romans 11:30 directly parallels the 'once disobedient, now mercy' pattern — identical to the transformation from not-people to people with mercy.

Hosea 1:9 is the source: 'You are not my people' — the very phrase Peter reverses in 2:10 when he says 'once you were not a people'.

Hosea 1:10 promises reversal: from 'not my people' to 'sons of the living God' — exactly the transformation Peter describes in 2:10.

Hosea 2:23 includes both 'Not My People' become 'my people' and 'No Mercy' receive mercy — directly corresponding to Peter's 'not received mercy, now have mercy'.

Romans 9:26 quotes Hosea 1:10 about being called 'sons of the living God' — the same promise Peter echoes in 2:10.

Romans 9:25 also cites Hosea's 'not my people' become 'my people' — both Peter and Paul apply the same prophecy to Gentile inclusion.

Deuteronomy 27:9 declares Israel had become the people of the LORD — exactly the same phrase used here for believers.

Titus 3:5 explains that the mercy described here comes from God’s initiative, not human works, grounding this identity in grace.

Ephesians 2:3 describes the former state 'children of wrath' — mirroring the 'once not a people' contrast in 1 Peter 2:10.

2 Corinthians 4:1 ties the ministry to God's mercy — the same mercy that gave believers new identity as God's people in 1 Peter 2:10.

Romans 12:1 appeals to believers to offer themselves because of God's mercy — the same mercy that made them God's people in 1 Peter 2:10.

Romans 10:19 cites the OT promise that a 'not a nation' would provoke Israel — directly echoing the 'not a people' theme in 1 Peter 2:10.

Romans 9:16 explains that mercy depends on God's will, not human effort — grounding the mercy Peter says believers have received.

Acts 15:14 describes God visiting Gentiles to take a people for his name — directly parallels the transformation from 'not a people' to 'people of God'.

John 10:16 speaks of Jesus bringing other sheep into one flock — a direct parallel to Gentiles becoming God's people here.

Hosea 2:1 says 'You are my people' and 'You have received mercy' — directly quoted in 1 Peter 2:10.

Hosea 1:6 gives the name 'No Mercy' — source for 'once you had not received mercy' in 1 Peter 2:10.

Isaiah 65:1 speaks of God found by a nation not called by His name — directly parallel to Gentiles becoming God's people.

In Isaiah 19:25, God calls Egypt and Assyria 'my people'—a prophetic anticipation of Gentiles being included as God's people here.

In Deuteronomy 32:21, God speaks of provoking Israel with a 'no people'—the very phrase Peter uses for Gentiles who became God's people.

Exodus 6:7 contains the covenant promise 'I will take you as my own people' — language directly echoed here for the new covenant community.

Zechariah 2:11 says many nations 'shall be my people' — parallel to inclusion of Gentiles as God's people.

Philemon 1:11 uses the same 'formerly… but now' structure — here describing Onesimus’s transformation, mirroring the change from not-a-people to God’s people.