Exodus 20:18

And all the people saw the thunderings, and the lightnings, and the noise of the trumpet, and the mountain smoking: and when the people saw it, they removed, and stood afar off.

Cross-reference

Exodus 19:16–18 Historical context

Exodus 19:16-18 describes the same thunder, lightning, trumpet, and smoking mountain — the immediate context of the theophany at Sinai.

Exodus 19:18 Historical context

Exodus 19:18 describes Mount Sinai smoking and trembling as God descends — the very event the people witness here.

Exodus 9:23 Related theme

Exodus 9:23 describes thunder, hail, and fire from heaven — similar divine phenomena as at Sinai, but in a different context (plagues).

Revelation 4:5 echoes Sinai's thunder/lightning, showing God's throne room retains the same awe-inspiring imagery of divine presence.

Hebrews 12:19 continues the contrast: the trumpet and voice that terrified Israel are superseded by Christ's mediation.

Hebrews 12:18 contrasts the tangible, fearful Sinai scene with the heavenly Mount Zion believers approach.

John 12:29 Allusion

John 12:29 records the crowd mistaking God's voice for thunder, directly mirroring Sinai's thunder — a new theophany.

1 Kings 19:11 contrasts with Sinai: the Lord appeared to Elijah not in wind, earthquake, or fire, but in a still small voice—showing a different mode of revelation.

Deuteronomy 5:23 recounts the people's reaction: hearing the voice from the fire, they asked Moses to mediate—showing their fear led to a plea for intercession.

Deuteronomy 5:5 explains that Moses mediated because the people were afraid of the fire—clarifying why he stood between God and them.

Deuteronomy 5:4 affirms that the Lord spoke face to face with the people out of the fire—intensifying the personal encounter already described.

Deuteronomy 4:36 Historical context

Deuteronomy 4:36 explains God's purpose: He let you hear His voice to discipline you and showed His fire so you would hear His words—adding a corrective intent.

Deuteronomy 4:33 Historical context

Deuteronomy 4:33 highlights the unparalleled wonder of hearing God's voice from the fire and surviving—emphasizing how unique the Sinai experience was.

Deuteronomy 4:11 Historical context

Deuteronomy 4:11 adds that the mountain burned with fire to the heart of heaven and was wrapped in darkness, expanding the terrifying scene of the theophany.

Deuteronomy 4:10 Historical context

Deuteronomy 4:10 recalls the same assembly at Horeb, emphasizing that God spoke so the people would learn to fear Him—deepening the purpose behind the terrifying theophany.

Judges 5:5 Allusion

Judges 5:5 poetically recalls the Lord's presence at Sinai with quaking mountains—linking His power to the foundational theophany of the covenant.

Ezekiel 10:5 likens the cherubim's wings to God's voice at Sinai, showing the consistent awe of divine speech.

Psalm 18:13 Allusion

Psalm 18:13 portrays the Lord thundering with hailstones and coals of fire—echoing Sinai's storm-like theophany as a symbol of divine power.

Psalm 114:4 Allusion

Psalm 114:4 describes mountains skipping at God's presence, paralleling the trembling at Sinai — creation responds to the same divine power.