Exodus 14:4

And I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, that he shall follow after them; and I will be honoured upon Pharaoh, and upon all his host; that the Egyptians may know that I am the Lord. And they did so.

Cross-reference

Exodus 14:18 repeats the promise that the Egyptians will know the LORD when He gets glory over Pharaoh — the same purpose statement as in Exodus 14:4.

Exodus 14:17 expands on verse 4, hardening the Egyptians' hearts and repeating the honor gained over Pharaoh.

Exodus 14:8 Parallel

Exodus 14:8 repeats the hardening of Pharaoh's heart and his pursuit, directly continuing the same event from verse 4.

Exodus 7:3 Parallel

In Exodus 7:3, God first declares He will harden Pharaoh's heart — here in Exodus 14:4, God reactivates that same hardening to draw Pharaoh into pursuit.

Exodus 4:21-31 introduces the hardening of Pharaoh's heart earlier, and Exodus 14:4 fulfills that same divine action.

Exodus 15:11 praises God's unmatched holiness and wonders — the glory God sought over Pharaoh in Exodus 14:4 is now declared by the redeemed.

Exodus 15:10 Historical context

Exodus 15:10 describes the drowning of the Egyptians in the sea — the direct outcome of Pharaoh's pursuit triggered by the hardening in Exodus 14:4.

Exodus 9:16 Parallel

Exodus 9:16 states God raised up Pharaoh to show His power and proclaim His name — the same purpose behind the hardening in Exodus 14:4.

Exodus 7:17 Parallel

Exodus 7:17 also declares that God's signs will cause knowledge of His identity, another instance of the same motif.

Exodus 7:14 Parallel

Exodus 7:14 describes Pharaoh's hardened heart as a present reality. Exodus 14:4 repeats the hardening for the pursuit, showing the ongoing divine work.

Exodus 7:13 Parallel

Exodus 7:13 records the first fulfillment of the hardening — Pharaoh's heart was hardened. Exodus 14:4 continues this hardening pattern leading to the final confrontation.

Exodus 7:5 Parallel

Exodus 7:5 similarly states that God's actions will make the Egyptians know He is the LORD, directly paralleling the purpose here.

Exodus 10:27 describes the LORD hardening Pharaoh's heart, the very mechanism behind the pursuit in this verse.

Exodus 15:14–16 Historical context

Exodus 15:14-16 tells how the nations hear of the Exodus and tremble — this is part of God's purpose that His name be known, as in Exodus 14:4.

Romans 9:22 Allusion

Romans 9:22 applies the pattern of enduring vessels of wrath to display power, using Pharaoh as an example of God's glory through judgment.

Nehemiah 9:10 Historical context

Nehemiah 9:10 recalls God making a name through signs against Pharaoh, reinforcing that God acted to display His glory.

Romans 9:17 Citation

Romans 9:17 directly quotes God's purpose to show power and proclaim His name through Pharaoh, tying the Exodus event to sovereign election.

Ezekiel 20:9 explicitly cites God acting for His name's sake in the Exodus, confirming the motive of preserving His reputation.

Isaiah 43:17 recalls God's defeat of chariots and army at the sea, directly referencing the event described here.

Jeremiah 16:21 Related theme

Jeremiah 16:21 promises God will teach His power so they know His name, echoing the 'know that I am the LORD' theme.

Ezekiel 32:15 applies the same 'know that I am the LORD' to Egypt's desolation, directly linking to God's glory in Exodus.

Ezekiel 38:16 shows God using Gog to display His holiness, similar to using Pharaoh to gain glory in Exodus.

Ezekiel 39:21 declares God will display His glory among nations, directly paralleling the 'gain glory' purpose in Exodus 14:4.

John 12:40 Allusion

John 12:40 speaks of God hardening hearts, echoing the divine hardening of Pharaoh's heart in Exodus 14:4.

Romans 11:8 Allusion

Romans 11:8 quotes Israel's hardening from the prophets. This connects to God's sovereign hardening of Pharaoh, illustrating the same divine action of giving a spirit of stupor.

Ezekiel 6:7 Parallel

Ezekiel 6:7 uses the same recognition formula 'know that I am the LORD' in judgment on Israel, echoing the purpose in Exodus.

Judges 4:7 Parallel

Judges 4:7 shows God luring Sisera's army to defeat, mirroring the strategy of luring Pharaoh to the sea for judgment.

Isaiah 2:12 Related theme

Isaiah 2:12 declares a day against all that is proud, paralleling God's judgment on Pharaoh to display His glory.

Isaiah 2:11 Related theme

Isaiah 2:11 describes God humbling the proud and being exalted alone, echoing God's purpose to gain glory over Pharaoh's pride.

Ezekiel 35:4 Related theme

Ezekiel 35:4 again uses 'know that I am the LORD' against Edom, sharing the same recognition theme but different target.

Psalm 9:16 Related theme

Psalm 9:16 declares the LORD is known by His acts of justice, reflecting the same revelation through judgment seen here.