Ephesians 5:8 uses the same 'formerly... now' contrast as Ephesians 2:11, extending it from circumcision status to darkness and light.

Ephesians 3:3 reveals the mystery of Christ including Gentiles, explaining the change from their former state in Ephesians 2:11.

Romans 2:29 contrasts physical circumcision with heart circumcision — directly opposes the 'circumcision made by hands' in Ephesians.

In Colossians 3:11, Paul declares no distinction between circumcised and uncircumcised in Christ, resolving the division described in Ephesians 2:11.

In Colossians 2:13, Paul ties spiritual deadness to 'uncircumcision of your flesh,' echoing the Gentile uncircumcision label in Ephesians 2:11.

In Colossians 2:11, Paul speaks of a circumcision 'made without hands,' directly opposing the 'made by hands' circumcision of Ephesians 2:11.

In Colossians 1:21, Paul similarly describes the Colossians' former alienation from God, mirroring the Gentile alienation from Israel in Ephesians 2:11.

In Philippians 3:3, Paul redefines true circumcision as spiritual worship, contrasting the physical, human-made circumcision mentioned in Ephesians 2:11.

Galatians 4:8 describes former ignorance of God and slavery to idols — echoes the former condition of Gentiles in Ephesians.

1 Corinthians 12:2 recalls when 'you were pagans, led astray' — directly parallels the former Gentile alienation in Ephesians.

In Jeremiah 9:26, all nations are called uncircumcised, providing the OT background for the term used in Ephesians 2:11 for Gentiles.

In Matthew 8:11, Jesus foretells Gentiles from east and west feasting with the patriarchs — directly supporting the inclusion Paul describes.

In Acts 10:45, circumcised believers are astonished that Gentiles receive the Spirit — the very division Paul addresses in Ephesians.

In Acts 11:18, the church accepts that God grants repentance to Gentiles — confirming the barrier broken down in Ephesians.

In Genesis 17:11, God institutes physical circumcision as the covenant sign, which Paul later calls 'circumcision made by hands' in Ephesians 2:11.

Isaiah 55:5 prophesies a foreign nation running to Israel—fulfilled when Gentiles are incorporated into God's people.

Romans 9:24 confirms God's calling includes Gentiles, reinforcing the inclusion Paul contrasts with their former state in Ephesians 2:11.

Romans 11:17's olive tree metaphor shows Gentiles grafted into Israel, illustrating the same inclusion that Ephesians 2:11 sets up.

Isaiah 56:7 promises God's house as a house of prayer for all peoples—the basis for including Gentiles Paul describes.

1 Corinthians 12:13 declares Jews and Gentiles baptized into one body, directly supporting the unity Paul builds toward in Ephesians 2:11.

Ezekiel 16:61-63 recalls Israel's former shame and God's covenant — mirrors the call for Gentiles to remember their former alienation.

Numbers 15:15 shows OT provision for Gentile sojourners to share the same law. This background deepens Paul's point that Gentiles are now included.

Isaiah 51:1 calls God's people to look to the rock they were hewn from — a call to remember origins, like Ephesians 2:11's call to remember former uncircumcision.

In Jeremiah 9:25, God warns of judging those circumcised in flesh but uncircumcised in heart, contrasting mere physical circumcision as in Ephesians 2:11.

Galatians 2:15 highlights the Jew/Gentile distinction — parallels the 'circumcision/uncircumcision' divide in Ephesians.

1 Corinthians 6:11 reminds believers 'such were some of you' — parallels the remembrance of former sinful condition in Ephesians.

Romans 4:9 questions whether blessing is for circumcised or uncircumcised, echoing Paul's point that Gentiles were once called uncircumcised.

Galatians 4:9 contrasts knowing God with former slavery — parallels the transition from alienation to inclusion.

Ezekiel 20:43 describes remembering evil ways and self-loathing — parallels the remembrance of former Gentile separation.

In Romans 2:17, the Jewish boast in the law is described — the same attitude that created the division Paul addresses in Ephesians.

Deuteronomy 15:15 again links remembering slavery to redemption, paralleling Ephesians 2:11's call to remember former alienation to appreciate God's grace.

Deuteronomy 5:15 commands Israel to remember their slavery in Egypt, paralleling Ephesians 2:11's call for Gentiles to remember their former alienation.

Ezekiel 36:31 also speaks of remembering evil deeds and loathing oneself — echoes the same pattern of recalling former state.