2 Kings 23:10

And he defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of the children of Hinnom, that no man might make his son or his daughter to pass through the fire to Molech.

Cross-reference

2 Kings 16:3 Historical context

In 2 Kings 16:3, King Ahaz also made his son pass through fire, mirroring the same Molech sacrifice Josiah later abolished.

2 Kings 17:17 Historical context

In 2 Kings 17:17, Israel's sin of making children pass through fire led to exile — the same practice Josiah eradicated.

In 2 Kings 21:6, Manasseh sacrificed his son in the same valley, showing the persistent evil Josiah later removed.

2 Kings 11:18 records Jehoiada's destruction of Baal worship, a parallel reform to Josiah's defilement of Topheth for Molech.

Jeremiah 7:31 condemns the same child sacrifice at Topheth that Josiah later defiled. It shows God's disapproval before the reform.

In Matthew 5:22, Jesus uses 'Gehenna' (hell) — the Valley of Hinnom where Josiah ended child sacrifice — as a symbol of final judgment.

In Ezekiel 23:37, God charges Jerusalem with sacrificing children to idols — the identical sin Josiah purged from the land.

In Ezekiel 20:31, the prophet again condemns offering children to idols — directly paralleling the Molech worship Josiah stopped.

In Ezekiel 20:26, God refers to sacrificing firstborns as a defiling practice — the same child sacrifice Josiah eliminated.

In Ezekiel 16:21, God accuses Jerusalem of slaughtering children to idols — the same sin Josiah cleansed from Topheth.

Jeremiah 32:35 condemns the same child sacrifice to Molech in the Valley of Hinnom that Josiah defiled. Reiterates God's prohibition.

In Leviticus 18:21, God forbids giving children to Molech — the very law Josiah enforces by destroying Topheth.

2 Chronicles 33:6 Historical context

2 Chronicles 33:6 records Manasseh burning his sons in the Valley of Hinnom—another king practicing the same abomination Josiah eradicated.

2 Chronicles 28:3 Historical context

2 Chronicles 28:3 records Ahaz burning his sons in the Valley of Hinnom—the same practice Josiah later ended. Shows ongoing sin.

In Deuteronomy 18:10, making children pass through fire is listed as a detestable practice — the law behind Josiah's reform.

Isaiah 57:5 Parallel

Isaiah 57:5 condemns child sacrifice in valleys, the same practice Josiah abolishes by defiling Topheth.

Jeremiah 19:13 prophesies that Jerusalem will be defiled like Topheth, the very place Josiah defiles in his reform.

Micah 6:7 Related theme

Micah 6:7 questions the acceptability of child sacrifice, the practice Josiah eradicates by defiling Topheth.

Leviticus 20:2 is the law commanding death for child sacrifice to Molech, which Josiah enforces by defiling Topheth.

Jeremiah 7:32 prophesies that Topheth will become the Valley of Slaughter due to judgment. Josiah's defilement precedes this renaming.

Jeremiah 19:6 repeats the prophecy that Topheth will be renamed Valley of Slaughter. It connects to Josiah's desecration of the site.

Jeremiah 19:11-13 expands the judgment: Jerusalem itself will become like Topheth. Josiah's defilement of Topheth prefigures this desecration.

Isaiah 30:33 also mentions Topheth, but as a place of divine judgment rather than child sacrifice. The same location becomes an image of God's wrath.

Jeremiah 19:2 Historical context

Jeremiah 19:2 places Jeremiah's prophecy in the same Valley of Hinnom. The location is key to his symbolic message.

Joshua 18:16 Historical context

Joshua 18:16 identifies the Valley of Hinnom as a boundary landmark, the same location where Josiah defiles Topheth.