Romans 16:20

And the God of peace shall bruise Satan under your feet shortly. The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you. Amen.

Cross-references

Romans 15:33 uses the same 'God of peace' benediction—linking the peace promise to the earlier closing.

Romans 8:37 Parallel

In Romans 8:37, believers are 'more than conquerors' through Christ—extending the victory theme of crushing Satan underfoot.

Galatians 6:18 contains an identical grace benediction — 'The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit.'

Revelation 22:21 closes with a nearly identical benediction of grace, echoing Paul's closing.

Revelation 20:1–3 Prophetic fulfillment

In Revelation 20:1-3, Satan is bound with a chain—a specific fulfillment of his being crushed underfoot.

In Revelation 12:10, Satan the accuser is hurled down—the same defeat of Satan promised here.

1 John 3:8 Parallel

In 1 John 3:8, the Son of God appeared to destroy the devil's work—directly parallel to crushing Satan.

In Hebrews 2:14, Christ's death breaks the devil's power—the same defeat of Satan promised here.

Philemon 1:25 concludes with the same grace — 'The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit.'

2 Thessalonians 3:18 gives the same grace blessing — 'The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all.'

1 Thessalonians 5:28 echoes the same grace benediction — nearly verbatim.

Philippians 4:23 has the same closing grace — 'The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit.'

Genesis 3:15 Prophetic fulfillment

Genesis 3:15 prophesies crushing the serpent's head—fulfilled in 16:20's promise that God will crush Satan under believers' feet.

Luke 10:19 Allusion

Luke 10:19 echoes the same victory over Satan — Jesus gives authority to tread on serpents, paralleling the promise of crushing Satan.

Malachi 4:3 Parallel

In Malachi 4:3, the wicked are ashes under your feet—direct OT parallel to crushing Satan underfoot.

2 Thessalonians 3:16 prays for 'the Lord of peace' to give peace — a very similar peace benediction using the same closing formula.

Joshua 10:24 shows feet placed on enemies' necks — the exact OT imagery Paul uses for crushing Satan underfoot.

Revelation 20:2 depicts Satan bound, the ultimate fulfillment of God crushing him underfoot.

Revelation 12:11 shows believers overcoming Satan through Christ's blood, fulfilling the promised victory.

Psalm 91:13 Parallel

Psalm 91:13 promises trampling the serpent — directly echoed in Paul's 'crush Satan under your feet'.

Revelation 12:9 identifies the ancient serpent as Satan, the same enemy God will crush under believers' feet.

Hebrews 13:20 opens a benediction with 'the God of peace,' directly matching the title and closing blessing pattern found here.

In Zechariah 3:2, God rebukes Satan directly—the same enemy who will be crushed under believers' feet in Romans 16:20.

1 Thessalonians 5:23 invokes 'the God of peace' in a prayer for sanctification, paralleling the same divine title and benedictory tone.

2 Corinthians 13:11 also promises 'the God of peace will be with you,' echoing the same closing benediction and theme of divine peace.

John 16:11 Parallel

In John 16:11, Jesus declares the ruler of this world (Satan) judged—the same defeat that Romans 16:20 says will be accomplished.

Acts 2:35 Allusion

In Acts 2:35, Christ's enemies are made His footstool—the same 'under your feet' imagery applied to believers in Romans 16:20.

Luke 10:17 Parallel

In Luke 10:17, the disciples rejoice that demons submit to them—a direct fulfillment of the victory over Satan promised in Romans 16:20.

In 1 Corinthians 16:23, Paul uses the same grace benediction found at the end of Romans 16:20.

Mark 3:27 Parallel

In Mark 3:27, Jesus describes binding the strong man (Satan)—a parallel to God crushing Satan under feet.

Philippians 4:9 closes with the same promise: 'the God of peace will be with you,' mirroring the peace benediction here.

Isaiah 25:8 Parallel

Isaiah 25:8 describes God swallowing up death—a broader victory parallel to 16:20's crushing of Satan underfoot.

2 Corinthians 13:14 offers a fuller trinitarian benediction — expands the grace greeting seen in this verse.

1 Timothy 6:21 ends with 'Grace be with you,' a brief version of the grace benediction that concludes Romans.

2 Timothy 4:22 includes a similar grace benediction — 'Grace be with you' after 'The Lord be with your spirit.'

Colossians 4:18 ends with 'Grace be with you' — a shorter version of the grace benediction that closes Romans.

Hebrews 13:25 closes with a similar grace benediction, echoing the same blessing as the main verse.

Isaiah 65:25 says serpent eats dust — connects to the serpent's defeat, though not specifically crushing under feet.

Psalm 108:13 says God tramples enemies — similar promise of victory, but less specific to Satan.

In Jeremiah 15:21, God promises to deliver from the wicked—similar to crushing Satan under feet, but focused on human enemies.

Mark 5:7 Parallel

In Mark 5:7, a demon acknowledges Jesus' authority—a real‑world example of the power over evil promised in Romans 16:20.

Psalm 44:5 Parallel

Psalm 44:5 says God's people trample enemies — same theme of victory over foes by God's power.