Isaiah 48:21

And they thirsted not when he led them through the deserts: he caused the waters to flow out of the rock for them: he clave the rock also, and the waters gushed out.

Cross-reference

Isaiah 49:10 applies the same wilderness provision theme to the new exodus—God guides and satisfies his people with water.

Isaiah 35:6 Parallel

Isaiah 35:6 promises waters breaking out in the wilderness, directly paralleling the water from rock here.

Isaiah 35:7 Parallel

Isaiah 35:7 says the burning sand becomes a pool, echoing the same miraculous water provision in the desert.

Isaiah 43:19 declares God making rivers in the wilderness, a direct parallel to the water from rock miracle here.

Isaiah 43:20 says God gives water in the wilderness for his people, echoing the same provision as in this verse.

Isaiah 44:3 Parallel

Isaiah 44:3 promises water on dry ground as a metaphor for the Spirit, echoing the same desert-water imagery.

Isaiah 41:18 describes God opening rivers and fountains, reinforcing the same promise of water in barren places.

Isaiah 41:17 Related theme

Isaiah 41:17 shows God answering the needy who seek water, a similar theme of divine provision in desolation.

Exodus 17:6 Allusion

Exodus 17:6 records the original miracle at Horeb where Moses strikes the rock and water comes out — the event Isaiah recalls.

Numbers 20:11 describes the second water-from-rock at Meribah where Moses struck the rock twice; Isaiah likely alludes to this event.

Nehemiah 9:15 explicitly recounts the same provision — God brought water from a rock for the people's thirst, summarizing the exodus.

Psalm 78:15 Parallel

Psalm 78:15 poetically retells how God split rocks and gave drink abundantly, directly paralleling Isaiah's description.

Psalm 78:20 Parallel

Psalm 78:20 continues the retelling: God struck the rock, water gushed out — the same miracle referenced in Isaiah.

Psalm 105:41 says God opened a rock and water flowed through the desert, a clear parallel to Isaiah 48:21.

1 Corinthians 10:4 identifies the rock that gave water as Christ, interpreting the OT event typologically.

Psalm 74:15 Parallel

Psalm 74:15 describes God splitting open springs, echoing the splitting of the rock to provide water in the wilderness.

Nehemiah 9:20 recounts God providing water for the thirsty in the wilderness, directly paralleling the water-from-rock miracle.

Numbers 20:8 records God's command to speak to the rock to yield water, the antecedent to the event Isaiah references.

Jeremiah 31:9 Related theme

Jeremiah 31:9 echoes the exodus provision, promising God will lead His people through desert and provide brooks of water in restoration.