Hosea 11:12 similarly accuses Ephraim of deceit, connecting the charge of lies to the futile alliances described here.

Hosea 8:7 uses the same wind metaphor ('sow wind, reap whirlwind') to depict the futility and consequences of Ephraim's actions.

Hosea 5:13 also references Ephraim's futile appeal to Assyria for healing, matching the covenant with Assyria here.

Hosea 14:3 rejects Assyrian help, contrasting with Ephraim's current reliance on Assyria and Egypt in 12:1.

In Hosea 8:9, Ephraim also goes to Assyria for help, reinforcing the same rebuke against foreign alliances.

Hosea 7:11 compares Ephraim to a silly dove calling to Egypt and Assyria, exactly the dual foreign alliance seen here.

Hosea 7:1 uncovers Ephraim's false dealings, thievery, and violence — directly paralleling the 'multiplies lies and violence' in this verse.

Hosea 5:3 confirms Ephraim's harlotry, which is the root of the lies, violence, and foreign covenants described here.

Hosea 4:17 says Ephraim is joined to idols — the same apostasy that leads to pursuing wind and foreign alliances in this verse.

2 Kings 17:4-6 describes Hoshea's conspiracy with Egypt and the resulting exile, directly illustrating the oil-to-Egypt and Assyrian covenant.

Isaiah 30:7 reinforces that Egypt's help is worthless — the same futility Hosea condemns in making alliances with Egypt.

Isaiah 30:6 similarly condemns carrying wealth to Egypt for no profit, reinforcing the futility of relying on Egypt.

2 Kings 15:19 records Menahem's tribute to Assyria, providing the historical backdrop for the covenant with Assyria mentioned here.

Ezekiel 23:5 directly describes Oholah (Samaria/Ephraim) lusting after Assyria, matching the covenant with Assyria in this verse.

Ezekiel 29:16 explicitly says Israel's turn to Egypt will be a source of confidence no more, directly addressing the oil-to-Egypt alliance here.

Lamentations 5:6 echoes the same reliance on Egypt and Assyria for bread, mirroring Ephraim's covenant with Assyria and oil to Egypt.

Jeremiah 2:18 asks why go to Egypt and Assyria for help — directly echoing Hosea's condemnation of those same alliances.

Isaiah 7:2 shows Ephraim allied with Aram — another instance of the same pattern of foreign alliances Hosea criticizes.

Job 15:2 also uses 'east wind' as a metaphor for empty talk, linking the imagery of futile pursuit.

Isaiah 55:2 asks why labor for what doesn't satisfy — contrasting the empty pursuits Hosea describes with what truly satisfies.

Isaiah 44:20 says idolaters 'feed on ashes' — a parallel metaphor for futile reliance, like Hosea's 'feed on wind'.