Exodus 9:34

And when Pharaoh saw that the rain and the hail and the thunders were ceased, he sinned yet more, and hardened his heart, he and his servants.

Cross-references

Exodus 4:21 Parallel

Exodus 4:21 predicts God will harden Pharaoh's heart — a sovereign plan unfolding as Pharaoh hardens himself here.

Exodus 7:14 Parallel

Exodus 7:14 first notes Pharaoh's hardened heart — a condition that persists and deepens throughout the plagues, as seen here.

Exodus 8:15 Parallel

Exodus 8:15 shows the same pattern: Pharaoh hardens his heart once the plague of frogs ceases, just as here after the hail.

Exodus 10:1 Historical context

In Exodus 10:1, God then hardens Pharaoh's heart — continuing the narrative after Pharaoh's self-hardening in 9:34.

In 2 Chronicles 28:22, King Ahaz sins more during trouble — same pattern as Pharaoh hardening after the plague lifted.

In 2 Chronicles 33:23, Amon increases guilt by not humbling — mirroring Pharaoh's continued hardness after judgment.

In 2 Chronicles 36:13, Zedekiah hardens his heart and rebels — directly parallels Pharaoh's hardened heart after the hail stopped.

Romans 2:4 Contrast

In Romans 2:4, God's kindness leads to repentance — contrasting with Pharaoh's contempt for that patience.

Romans 2:5 Parallel

In Romans 2:5, stubbornness stores up wrath — same pattern as Pharaoh's unrepentant heart bringing judgment.

In 1 Samuel 6:6, the Philistines are warned not to harden hearts like Pharaoh — directly citing this pattern.

In Isaiah 26:10, the wicked don't learn righteousness from favor — same as Pharaoh not repenting after the plague ceased.

Amos 4:10 Parallel

In Amos 4:10, God says plagues like Egypt's didn't bring repentance — echoing Pharaoh's unresponsiveness to judgment.

Ecclesiastes 8:11 notes that delayed judgment emboldens sin — Pharaoh's renewed hardness here exemplifies this principle.