2 Chronicles 36:13

And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God: but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart from turning unto the Lord God of Israel.

Cross-references

2 Chronicles 30:8 uses the identical phrase 'stiffen your necks' in a warning not to repeat the unfaithfulness of earlier generations — directly paralleling Zedekiah's stubbornness.

Jeremiah 52:3 recounts the same rebellion of Zedekiah, attributing it to divine anger, providing the historical parallel from another prophetic book.

In Hebrews 3:13, being hardened by sin's deceitfulness parallels Zedekiah's heart hardened against turning to God.

Hebrews 3:8 Parallel

In Hebrews 3:8, the warning against hardening hearts recalls the wilderness rebellion, similar to Zedekiah's hardening.

Romans 2:5 Parallel

In Romans 2:5, the hard and impenitent heart stores up wrath—direct parallel to Zedekiah's hard heartedness.

Romans 2:4 Contrast

In Romans 2:4, God's kindness leads to repentance—contrasting with Zedekiah's hardened heart that refuses to turn.

Ezekiel 17:11-20 interprets Zedekiah's rebellion as a broken covenant with Babylon, using an allegory to expand on the consequences of the oath-breaking.

Exodus 8:15 Parallel

In Exodus 8:15, Pharaoh hardens his heart after relief, mirroring Zedekiah's stubborn rebellion against God.

Isaiah 48:4 Parallel

Isaiah 48:4 describes Israel's obstinacy as an 'iron sinew' — a similar image of hardness that echoes Zedekiah's stiffened neck and hardened heart.

In Nehemiah 9:29, Israelites stiffen their neck exactly as Zedekiah does, showing a repeated pattern of rebellion.

Nehemiah 9:17 continues the confession of stiff-necked rebellion, emphasizing God's forgiveness in contrast — a thematic parallel to Zedekiah's hard heart.

Nehemiah 9:16 uses the exact phrase 'stiffened their necks' to describe Israel's ancestral rebellion, directly mirroring Zedekiah's stubbornness.

In 2 Kings 24:20, Zedekiah's rebellion against Babylon is recorded in almost identical terms, confirming the chronicler's account.

Exodus 8:32 Parallel

In Exodus 8:32, Pharaoh again hardens his heart, reinforcing the pattern of stubborn rulers refusing to submit.

Proverbs 29:1 uses the same image: 'stiffens his neck' leads to sudden destruction — a direct proverbial warning that matches Zedekiah's fate.

Ezekiel 2:4 Parallel

Ezekiel 2:4 calls Israel 'impudent and stubborn,' the same kind of rebellion Zedekiah showed. Both verses describe a people who refuse to turn to God.

Ezekiel 17:13 Historical context

Ezekiel 17:13 recounts the same event: Nebuchadnezzar put Zedekiah under oath. This provides the specific background of the covenant he later broke.

Ezekiel 17:15 Historical context

Ezekiel 17:15 directly describes Zedekiah's rebellion—sending to Egypt for help and breaking the covenant — the very act condemned in 2 Chronicles 36:13.

Ezekiel 21:23 Historical context

Ezekiel 21:23 reveals that Zedekiah's broken oath with Babylon is seen as guilt, leading to his capture—directly connecting to his rebellion here.

Ezekiel 21:25 Historical context

Ezekiel 21:25 names the 'wicked prince of Israel' (Zedekiah) whose day of punishment has come, matching the stubborn rebellion described here.

In 2 Kings 17:14, the same stubbornness is described of Israel who would not listen, echoing Zedekiah's stiffened neck. Both show rebellion against God.

In Deuteronomy 9:6, Israel is called a stubborn people, the same 'stiff-necked' trait seen in Zedekiah.

Exodus 9:34 Parallel

In Exodus 9:34, Pharaoh hardens his heart after relief, just as Zedekiah hardened his heart despite warnings.

Daniel 5:20 Parallel

Daniel 5:20 recounts Nebuchadnezzar's hardened heart and pride leading to his fall—a parallel pattern to Zedekiah's stiff-necked rebellion here.