Exodus 11:10

And Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh: and the Lord hardened Pharaoh’s heart, so that he would not let the children of Israel go out of his land.

Cross-reference

Exodus 4:21 Prophetic fulfillment

Exodus 4:21 predicts God will harden Pharaoh's heart and that Moses will perform wonders; Exodus 11:10 reports that prediction coming to pass.

Exodus 7:13 Parallel

Exodus 7:13 records Pharaoh's heart hardened after the first plague—an earlier instance of the same hardening summarized in Exodus 11:10.

Exodus 10:20 says the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart after the locust plague, directly paralleling the summary in Exodus 11:10.

Exodus 10:27 concludes the darkness plague with the LORD hardening Pharaoh's heart, repeating the same statement as Exodus 11:10.

Exodus 7:14 Parallel

Exodus 7:14 begins the second plague with God stating Pharaoh's heart is hardened, another example of the pattern in Exodus 11:10.

Deuteronomy 2:30 shows a similar divine hardening of Sihon's heart, paralleling Pharaoh's stubbornness to deliver him into Israel's hand.

1 Samuel 6:6 explicitly warns against hardening hearts like Pharaoh and Egypt, referencing the very wonders and judgment from Exodus.

Romans 2:5 Parallel

Romans 2:5 describes hardness and impenitent heart storing up wrath, directly echoing Pharaoh's stubbornness and coming judgment.

Romans 9:22 Allusion

Romans 9:22 refers to God's power shown through Pharaoh as a 'vessel of wrath' prepared for destruction, linking to the hardening.

Job 9:4 Related theme

Job 9:4 asks who has hardened themselves against God and prospered, illustrating the futility of Pharaoh's resistance.

Psalm 105:27 Historical context

Psalm 105:27 summarizes the signs and wonders performed in Egypt, recalling the miracles Moses and Aaron did before Pharaoh.

Isaiah 6:10 Parallel

Isaiah 6:10 describes God making hearts dull and eyes shut — a similar divine hardening to Pharaoh's, though for a different people.