Exodus 10:20

But the Lord hardened Pharaoh’s heart, so that he would not let the children of Israel go.

Cross-references

Exodus 10:27 repeats the same phrase — God hardened Pharaoh's heart again within the same narrative.

Exodus 4:21 Prophetic fulfillment

In Exodus 4:21, God predicts He will harden Pharaoh's heart—a prophecy fulfilled here when God hardens his heart.

Exodus 9:12 Parallel

In Exodus 9:12, the LORD hardens Pharaoh's heart exactly as here—both are direct acts of God fulfilling His word.

In Exodus 11:10, the LORD hardens Pharaoh's heart again, reiterating the same outcome seen here.

Exodus 7:13 Parallel

In Exodus 7:13, Pharaoh's heart is hardened after the first plague, mirroring the same hardening after the locust plague here.

In Deuteronomy 2:30, God similarly hardens Sihon's heart to deliver him into Israel's hand, mirroring Pharaoh's hardening.

Isaiah 6:10 Allusion

Isaiah 6:10 explicitly commands making hearts dull and blind — a direct parallel to God hardening Pharaoh's heart.

John 12:40 Allusion

John 12:40 quotes Isaiah 'He has blinded their eyes and hardened their heart' — same hardening theme as Pharaoh.

Romans 9:18 Allusion

Romans 9:18 directly references God hardening whom He wills, using Pharaoh as the prime example.

1 Kings 22:23 has God putting a lying spirit into prophets to deceive Ahab, similar to actively hardening Pharaoh.

2 Thessalonians 2:11 describes God sending a strong delusion, a parallel to God actively hardening hearts as judgment.