Ecclesiastes 2:15 shows the shared fate of wise and fool, demonstrating that wisdom too is vanity.

In Ecclesiastes 4:16, fleeting popularity is labeled 'vanity and a striving after wind,' illustrating the theme of transience.

In Ecclesiastes 4:8, the Preacher calls lonely, endless toil 'vanity and an unhappy business,' echoing the opening declaration.

In Ecclesiastes 4:4, this refrain reappears: toil driven by envy is also vanity, a specific instance of the general claim.

In Ecclesiastes 3:19, the same verdict — all is vanity — is applied to humanity's common fate with beasts, reinforcing the theme of futility.

Ecclesiastes 2:23 depicts life as sorrow and unrest, concluding 'this is also vanity' — illustrating 1:2.

Ecclesiastes 2:21 shows the injustice of leaving labor to a non-laborer, calling it vanity and great evil.

Ecclesiastes 2:19 adds that a foolish heir may inherit wise labor, making it vanity — another illustration of 1:2.

Ecclesiastes 2:17 expresses hatred of life because all is vanity, directly echoing the theme.

Ecclesiastes 2:11 applies 'all is vanity' to human labor, concluding that great works yield no lasting profit.

In Ecclesiastes 5:10, the insatiable love of money is directly called 'vanity,' a concrete example of the universal claim.

In Ecclesiastes 6:11, multiplying words increases vanity, a specific twist on the general 'all is vanity' theme.

In Ecclesiastes 11:8, the book's theme returns: 'all that comes is vanity,' reminding us of life's ultimate futility despite joy.

In Ecclesiastes 11:10, youth and vigor are called 'vanity,' applying the opening statement to a particular life stage.

In Ecclesiastes 12:8, the very same phrase — 'Vanity of vanities, all is vanity' — is repeated, closing the book as it began.

In Ecclesiastes 6:9, the same assessment of vanity is applied to desire versus enjoyment, reinforcing the theme.

Romans 8:20 states creation was subjected to futility, providing a New Testament perspective on the universal vanity described in Ecclesiastes.

Psalm 144:4 compares man to a breath and a passing shadow, directly mirroring the 'vanity' concept.

Psalm 62:9 uses 'breath' (hebel) to describe all people as lighter than a breath, directly paralleling the vanity declaration.

Psalm 39:6 echoes the same theme of human life as fleeting — 'surely for nothing they are in turmoil' — reinforcing the vanity of all endeavors.

In Psalm 39:5, human life is described as 'a mere breath,' a parallel image to the 'vanity' (hebel) that permeates Ecclesiastes.

Psalm 78:33 describes God making lives vanish like a breath, demonstrating divine judgment as a source of vanity.

Genesis 3:17 records the curse on the ground due to sin, which is the origin of the futility that Ecclesiastes laments.

Jeremiah 2:13 uses broken cisterns that hold no water to illustrate the same futility—human effort apart from God is empty.

Proverbs 23:5 illustrates wealth vanishing suddenly, a concrete example of the fleeting nature of earthly things.