Acts 7:19

The same dealt subtilly with our kindred, and evil entreated our fathers, so that they cast out their young children, to the end they might not live.

Cross-references

Exodus 1:9–22 Historical context

Exodus 1:9-22 provides the full narrative of Pharaoh's infanticide that Stephen summarizes here.

Psalm 105:25 explains that God caused the Egyptians to hate and deal craftily with Israel, revealing divine sovereignty behind the treachery.

Revelation 12:4 shows the dragon waiting to devour the Messiah, a typological replay of Pharaoh's attempt to kill the Hebrew infants.

Exodus 1:10 Historical context

Exodus 1:10 uses the phrase 'deal wisely', which Stephen echoes with 'dealt treacherously' — the specific plan behind the infanticide.

Exodus 1:22 Historical context

Exodus 1:22 records Pharaoh's command to cast Hebrew infants into the Nile, which Stephen in Acts 7:19 summarizes as forcing exposure of infants.

Exodus 2:3 Historical context

Exodus 2:3 records the specific act of Moses being placed in a basket, illustrating the forced exposure described here.

Matthew 2:13 shows Herod's similar plot to kill infant Jesus, mirroring Pharaoh's attempt to destroy the deliverer.

Exodus 1:14 Historical context

Exodus 1:14 describes the bitter labor imposed on Israel, adding the dimension of harsh slavery alongside the infanticide.

Psalm 83:4 Parallel

Psalm 83:4 records enemies plotting to wipe out Israel as a nation, echoing Pharaoh's genocidal intent against Hebrew infants.