1 Kings 9:21

Their children that were left after them in the land, whom the children of Israel also were not able utterly to destroy, upon those did Solomon levy a tribute of bondservice unto this day.

Cross-reference

In 1 Kings 5:13, Solomon drafts Israelites for forced labor — contrasting with the Canaanite slaves here, showing different treatment of peoples.

Genesis 9:26 declares Canaan shall be servant to Shem — Solomon, a descendant of Shem, enslaves Canaanites as foretold.

Joshua 15:63 Historical context

In Joshua 15:63, the failure to drive out Jebusites from Jerusalem directly precedes their later forced labor under Solomon.

Nehemiah 7:57 repeats the list of Solomon's servants, showing continuity of these slave families into post-exilic times.

Ezra 2:55–58 Historical context

Ezra 2:55-58 lists descendants of Solomon's servants (Nethinim) returning from exile — the legacy of these slaves.

Judges 1:21 Historical context

In Judges 1:21, the failure to drive out Jebusites from Jerusalem directly explains their presence as forced laborers under Solomon.

Judges 1:27–35 Historical context

In Judges 1:27-35, the incomplete conquest of various tribes explains why those peoples remained for Solomon to conscript.

Judges 1:28 Parallel

Judges 1:28 records the same practice of putting Canaanites to forced labor, providing the earlier precedent for Solomon's action.

Judges 1:35 Parallel

Judges 1:35 shows Amorites becoming subject to forced labor — another example of Canaanites enslaved, like Solomon's slaves here.

Judges 2:20–23 Historical context

In Judges 2:20-23, God's purpose to test Israel by leaving nations provides the theological reason for the Canaanites' survival.

Judges 3:1–4 Historical context

In Judges 3:1-4, the list of nations left to test Israel includes Hivites, connecting directly to the peoples Solomon enslaved.

Deuteronomy 20:11 provides the law that conquered peoples who surrender shall be forced labor — the basis for Solomon's enslavement.

2 Chronicles 2:17 records Solomon's census of resident aliens—the same group he conscripted for labor, directly continuing David's practice.

1 Chronicles 22:2 shows David gathering resident aliens to prepare stones for the temple—same source of labor Solomon later used.

Joshua 16:10 shows the same pattern: Canaanites in Gezer not driven out but forced to labor—early precedent for Solomon's conscription.

Ezra 2:58 Historical context

Ezra 2:58 lists 'Solomon's servants' returning from exile—descendants of the forced laborers, showing their lasting identity.

Joshua 17:16–18 Historical context

In Joshua 17:16-18, the ongoing struggle to conquer Canaanites sets the stage for the later incomplete conquest.

In Joshua 17:12, Manasseh's failure to dispossess Canaanites illustrates the pattern of incomplete conquest that left remnants.

In Psalm 106:34-36, Israel's disobedience in not destroying the nations reflects the same failure that left Canaanites for Solomon.