1 Corinthians 14:2 says tongues are spoken to God and not understood by men — the reason the unlearned cannot say Amen in verse 16.

In 1 Corinthians 14:23, the same outsider reaction is shown: uninterpreted tongues make them think believers are mad, reinforcing the problem.

In 1 Corinthians 14:24, prophecy has the opposite effect: it convicts the outsider, contrasting with the confusion from tongues.

1 Chronicles 16:36 shows all the people saying 'Amen' after a doxology, directly paralleling the congregational 'Amen' Paul describes.

Psalm 106:48 explicitly calls all the people to say 'Amen' after a doxology, exactly matching Paul's congregational context.

In Revelation 5:14, the living creatures say 'Amen' in heavenly worship — the same congregational response Paul insists must be intelligible.

Nehemiah 8:6 shows the congregation answering 'Amen' to Ezra's blessing — the same pattern Paul expects for understood thanksgiving.

In Revelation 19:4, the heavenly worship includes saying 'Amen' to God's praise, mirroring the earthly 'Amen' response Paul describes.

Deuteronomy 27:15 commands the congregation to say 'Amen' to curses—reflecting the OT practice of corporate response, paralleling the worship 'Amen'.

In 1 Kings 1:36, Benaiah says 'Amen' to affirm David's blessing, illustrating a personal 'Amen' response to a prayer.

Psalm 41:13 closes with 'Amen and Amen', a liturgical pattern that Paul's readers would recognize as a praise response.

Psalm 72:19 ends with 'Amen and Amen', reinforcing the tradition of affirming God's glory with 'Amen'.

Psalm 89:52 concludes with 'Amen and Amen', a doxological 'Amen' similar to the worship response Paul references.

Jeremiah 28:6 has the prophet say 'Amen' to affirm a prophecy, showing 'Amen' as a personal agreement response.

Matthew 6:13 ends the Lord's Prayer with 'Amen', a liturgical conclusion that Paul's audience would say in worship.