Genesis 9:25

And he said, Cursed be Canaan; a servant of servants shall he be unto his brethren.

Cross-references

Genesis 9:22 Historical context

Genesis 9:22 records Ham's offense; this verse pronounces the resulting curse on Canaan, linking sin to punishment.

Genesis 3:14 records God's curse on the serpent; here Noah pronounces a curse on Canaan, echoing the pattern of curse after sin.

In Genesis 4:11, Cain is cursed from the ground for murder — a parallel divine curse but for a different sin.

Genesis 27:29 contains a blessing with 'serve' and 'curse', paralleling the language of Noah's curse but reversed—here servitude is a blessing.

In Genesis 49:7, Jacob curses Simeon and Levi — another patriarchal curse on descendants for wrongdoing.

In Deuteronomy 27:16, the law curses anyone who dishonors parents — directly paralleling the curse on Canaan for Ham's dishonor.

Joshua 9:23 Allusion

In Joshua 9:23, Gibeonites are cursed to perpetual slavery — directly echoing Canaan's curse of servitude.

Joshua 9:27 Allusion

In Joshua 9:27, the Gibeonites become woodcutters and water carriers — the historical fulfillment of a similar curse.

In Judges 1:28-30, Israelites subject Canaanites to forced labor — fulfilling the curse that Canaan would serve his brothers.

In 1 Kings 9:20, Solomon drafts Canaanite survivors as slaves — a later fulfillment of Noah's curse on Canaan.

1 Kings 9:21 records Solomon making the remaining Canaanites his slave labor, directly fulfilling Noah's curse that Canaan would be the lowest of servants.

2 Chronicles 8:7 lists the Canaanite peoples left in the land, whom Solomon conscripted as slaves, echoing the curse on Canaan in Genesis 9:25.

2 Chronicles 8:8 repeats that Solomon used the Canaanite descendants as forced labor, a clear historical outworking of Noah's curse.

Joshua 9:8 Allusion

Joshua 9:8 shows the Gibeonites (Hivites, a Canaanite group) becoming servants to Israel, fulfilling the curse that Canaan would serve.