Genesis 16:10 promises Hagar countless descendants through Ishmael. Genesis 25:12 begins tracing that fulfilled multitude — Ishmael's own genealogy.

In Genesis 17:20, God promises Ishmael twelve princes; here, his sons are listed, fulfilling that promise.

In Genesis 21:13, God promises Ishmael will be a nation; these sons begin that fulfillment.

In Genesis 21:18, God promises to make Ishmael a great nation; his sons here initiate that.

Genesis 16:15 records Ishmael's birth; this genealogy expands on his descendants.

1 Chronicles 1:29 records the same list of Ishmael's sons, serving as a canonical parallel.

In Galatians 4:24, Paul uses this same Hagar allegorically — she represents the old covenant of slavery from Mount Sinai, contrasting with Sarah and freedom.

In Psalm 83:6, the Ishmaelites are mentioned, descending from the sons enumerated in this genealogy.