Deut 4:26 calls heaven and earth as witnesses — here 32:1 invokes the same pair to hear the song, reinforcing the covenant lawsuit imagery.

In Deuteronomy 30:19, Moses similarly calls heaven and earth as witnesses to the covenant, reinforcing the solemn setting of his final song.

Deuteronomy 31:28 also has Moses calling heaven and earth as witnesses, directly preceding the song's composition.

Deuteronomy 31:19 commands Moses to write this very song as a witness — the song that begins here in 32:1.

Isaiah 1:2 echoes this exact phrase — 'Hear, O heavens, and give ear, O earth' — as the Lord's accusation against rebellious Israel.

Jeremiah 2:12 calls the heavens to be appalled at Israel's sin, expanding the witness motif from covenant lawsuit.

Psalm 50:4 echoes the same courtroom call—heavens and earth summoned as witnesses to God's judgment.

Isaiah 28:23 opens with 'Give ear', the same imperative Moses uses, introducing a prophetic oracle demanding attention.

Isaiah 34:1 summons the earth and all its inhabitants to hear divine judgment, mirroring the universal call of Deuteronomy 32:1.

Micah 1:2 directly parallels the call—heavens and earth as witnesses to God's case against Israel.

Micah 6:1 uses the same motif—mountains and hills as witnesses in a covenant lawsuit against Israel.

Revelation 15:3 explicitly mentions 'the song of Moses'—this is that song, sung in heaven.