Deuteronomy 20:16

But of the cities of these people, which the Lord thy God doth give thee for an inheritance, thou shalt save alive nothing that breatheth:

Cross-reference

Deuteronomy 7:1-4 explains why total destruction is needed: to prevent intermarriage and idolatry, reinforcing the same reason behind the command.

Deuteronomy 7:16 commands destroying all peoples without mercy — a direct parallel to the 'not spare any breathing thing' here.

In Deuteronomy 2:34, this is the first recorded herem—utterly destroying men, women, and children—directly matching the command here.

In Deuteronomy 3:6, Israel repeats the herem against Og, devoting every city and person to destruction, reinforcing the practice commanded here.

In Deuteronomy 7:2, the same command is restated—to devote the nations to complete destruction and show no mercy—confirming the divine instruction.

In Deuteronomy 31:5, this command is summarized as what Israel must do when God gives over their enemies, a general reaffirmation.

In Joshua 11:14, Israel takes plunder but kills all people — applying the command's destruction while keeping goods.

In Joshua 11:12, the northern kings are destroyed, explicitly stated as obeying what Moses (and this command) ordered.

In Joshua 11:11, Hazor is utterly destroyed — every person killed, matching this command's requirement.

In Joshua 10:40, the southern campaign summary confirms total destruction of every city, fulfilling this command.

In Joshua 10:28, Makkedah is conquered without survivors, following this command's pattern of utter destruction.

Joshua 9:27 Contrast

In Joshua 9:27, the Gibeonites are spared and made servants — a direct contrast to this command's total destruction.

Joshua 9:24 Historical context

In Joshua 9:24, the Gibeonites cite this command to destroy all inhabitants as the reason for their deception.

Joshua 6:17–21 Historical context

In Joshua 6:17-21, this command is first executed at Jericho — everything devoted to destruction as ordered.

Numbers 33:52 commands driving out inhabitants and destroying religious objects, expanding on the destruction of people commanded here.

Numbers 21:35 Historical context

Numbers 21:35 describes the complete destruction of Og's kingdom with no survivors — exactly the practice commanded here.

Numbers 21:3 Historical context

Numbers 21:3 shows God answering Israel's vow by giving victory and enabling the destruction, fulfilling the command in practice.

Numbers 21:2 Historical context

Numbers 21:2 records Israel's vow to utterly destroy Canaanite cities — a specific historical application of the total destruction command.

In 1 Samuel 15:3, the herem is applied to Amalek—kill everything—paralleling the total destruction commanded here for Canaan.

Judges 2:2 Contrast

In Judges 2:2, an angel rebukes Israel for making covenants with the land's inhabitants, disobeying the command to destroy them.

Leviticus 27:28 Historical context

In Leviticus 27:28, the concept of 'devoted things' (herem) is defined — anything devoted is most holy and cannot be redeemed, underlying this command.

Psalm 106:34 records Israel's failure to obey this command to destroy the Canaanites, highlighting their disobedience.

Joshua 11:20 Prophetic fulfillment

In Joshua 11:20, the Lord hardens hearts so these nations are destroyed exactly as commanded here, showing divine sovereignty behind the herem.

Joshua 9:7 Contrast

In Joshua 9:7, the Hivites (one of the listed nations) trick Israel into a covenant, directly violating the command to destroy them without treaty.

Joshua 6:21 Prophetic fulfillment

In Joshua 6:21, the fall of Jericho exemplifies the herem—all living things destroyed—fulfilling this command in practice.

In Numbers 31:15, Moses rebukes sparing women — reflecting the same demand for total destruction of enemies as in this command.