Amos 1:9

Thus saith the Lord; For three transgressions of Tyrus, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they delivered up the whole captivity to Edom, and remembered not the brotherly covenant:

Cross-reference

Amos 1:6 Parallel

Amos 1:8 judges Philistine cities while 1:9 judges Tyre — both are part of the same series of oracles against surrounding nations.

Amos 1:11 Parallel

Amos 1:11 condemns Edom for pursuing his brother — echoing the 'covenant of brotherhood' Tyre broke by selling Israel to Edom.

Amos 1:3 Parallel

Amos 1:3 uses the same prophetic formula 'For three transgressions... I will not revoke punishment' to introduce judgment on Damascus.

Amos 2:1 Parallel

Amos 2:1 repeats the same formula for Moab, showing the consistent pattern of oracles against the nations.

1 Kings 5:1–11 Historical context

1 Kings 5:1-11 records Solomon's treaty with Hiram — the very 'covenant of brotherhood' Tyre violated in Amos 1:9.

2 Samuel 5:11 Historical context

In 2 Samuel 5:11, Hiram of Tyre aids David — highlighting the brotherly covenant Tyre later broke by selling Israel to Edom.

2 Chronicles 2:8–16 Historical context

2 Chronicles 2:8-16 records Hiram's cooperation with Solomon — the brotherly covenant Tyre later broke by selling Israel.

Isaiah 23:1 Parallel

Isaiah 23 gives a full oracle against Tyre, expanding on the judgment pronounced in Amos 1:9.

Zechariah 9:2-4 prophesies Tyre's downfall, echoing the judgment in Amos 1:9 with details about its pride and destruction.

Joel 3:4-8 condemns Tyre for selling captives, directly paralleling Amos 1:9's accusation of delivering captives to Edom.

1 Kings 5:12 Historical context

1 Kings 5:12 states Hiram and Solomon made a treaty — the exact 'covenant of brotherhood' Tyre violated.

1 Kings 9:13 Historical context

In 1 Kings 9:13, Hiram calls Solomon 'my brother' — echoing the brotherhood language Tyre broke by selling Israelites.

Obadiah 1:14 warns against handing over survivors to Edom, the same sin Tyre committed by delivering captives to Edom.

In Ezekiel 28:18, the same image of fire consuming Tyre appears, expanding the judgment oracle against Tyre.

In Matthew 11:22, Jesus references Tyre's judgment as a benchmark, implying familiarity with OT oracles like Amos against Tyre.

Ezekiel 26:2 records Tyre's gloating over Jerusalem's fall, another specific sin of Tyre alongside Amos's accusation of breaking brotherhood.

1 Kings 9:11–14 Historical context

1 Kings 9:11-14 shows Hiram giving cities to Solomon — part of the alliance that later broke when Tyre sold captives.

Jeremiah 47:4 Related theme

Jeremiah 47:4 mentions cutting off helpers from Tyre and Sidon, connecting Tyre's judgment to Philistine destruction.

Jeremiah 25:22 lists Tyre among nations receiving judgment, echoing Amos's oracle against Tyre.