1 John 3:12

Not as Cain, who was of that wicked one, and slew his brother. And wherefore slew he him? Because his own works were evil, and his brother’s righteous.

Cross-reference

1 John 3:8 Parallel

1 John 3:8 states that sinners are of the devil, directly linking to Cain's description as belonging to the evil one here.

1 John 5:18 Parallel

In 1 John 5:18, the same contrast between being 'of the evil one' (Cain) and being born of God is reinforced; believers are kept safe from the evil one.

1 John 2:14 Parallel

1 John 2:14 repeats that believers have overcome the evil one, again contrasting with Cain who was of the evil one.

1 John 2:13 Parallel

1 John 2:13 speaks of overcoming the evil one, contrasting with Cain who belonged to the evil one in this verse.

Acts 7:52 Allusion

In Acts 7:52, Stephen notes how the righteous are persecuted, echoing Cain's murder of Abel as the first example.

Luke 11:51 Citation

In Luke 11:51, Jesus similarly traces righteous blood from Abel, referencing the same murder.

Genesis 4:4–15 Historical context

Genesis 4:4-15 gives the original account of Cain's murder of Abel, providing the background for the reference to Cain's evil actions here.

In Matthew 23:35, Jesus lists Abel as the first righteous martyr, directly tying to the Cain narrative.

Matthew 13:38 identifies 'the weeds' as 'people of the evil one,' directly paralleling Cain's description as belonging to the evil one.

In John 15:19-25, Jesus explains the world hates him and his followers because they are not of the world—the same reason Cain hated Abel.

Proverbs 29:27 says the wicked detest the upright—a general principle exemplified by Cain's hatred of Abel.

Hebrews 11:4 commends Abel's faith and righteous offering, contrasting Cain's unrighteousness and explaining why Abel's actions were righteous.

Psalm 37:12 Parallel

Psalm 37:12 directly states that the wicked plot against the righteous—the same dynamic as Cain's murder of Abel.

In Hebrews 12:24, Abel's blood cries for vengeance, contrasting with Christ's blood — connected to Cain's crime.

Jude 1:11 Allusion

Jude 1:11 condemns those who follow 'the way of Cain,' the same pattern of envy and murder that 1 John 3:12 warns against.

Matthew 27:4 records Judas admitting he betrayed innocent blood — like Cain, he shed the blood of a righteous person.

John 17:14 Parallel

In John 17:14, the world's hatred of believers echoes Cain's hatred of Abel for his righteousness.

In Ephesians 5:2, walking in love as Christ loved contrasts with Cain's murderous hatred.

John 8:44 Allusion

In John 8:44, the devil as 'murderer from the beginning' is the source of Cain's murder — links Cain to the evil one.

John 8:40 Parallel

In John 8:40, the desire to kill Jesus for speaking truth parallels Cain's murder of Abel for righteous deeds.

John 7:7 Parallel

In John 7:7, the world's hatred mirrors Cain's motive — evil hates righteousness because it exposes evil.

James 3:16 Parallel

In James 3:16, envy as source of disorder explains Cain's motive for murder — a direct link.

Psalm 37:14 Parallel

In Psalm 37:14, the wicked plot to slay the upright — the same pattern seen in Cain's attack on Abel.

Genesis 4:8 Citation

In Genesis 4:8, Cain kills Abel — the precise event that 1 John 3:12 references as the model of evil.

In Genesis 27:41, Esau plans to kill Jacob over the blessing, paralleling Cain's murderous jealousy of Abel.

In Genesis 37:4, Joseph's brothers hate him out of jealousy, mirroring Cain's hatred of righteous Abel.

Leviticus 19:17 forbids hating a brother in your heart — the attitude that led Cain to murder.

In 1 Samuel 18:29, Saul becomes David's enemy out of jealousy, paralleling Cain's enmity toward Abel.

In 2 Samuel 4:11, David notes wicked men slaying a righteous person, echoing Cain's slaying of righteous Abel.

In 2 Chronicles 21:4, Jehoram kills his brothers to secure power — a fratricide like Cain's.

Mark 15:10 Parallel

Mark 15:10 notes that Jesus was handed over because of envy — the same motive that drove Cain to murder Abel.

Psalm 38:20 Parallel

In Psalm 38:20, adversaries repay good with evil, exactly as Cain repaid Abel's righteousness with murder.

Proverbs 27:4 emphasizes that jealousy is overwhelming — directly explaining Cain's motive for murdering righteous Abel.

Proverbs 29:10 says bloodthirsty men hate the upright and seek to kill them — exactly what Cain did to Abel.

Isaiah 59:15 says whoever shuns evil becomes a prey — this matches Abel being attacked by Cain for his righteousness.

Matthew 5:10 pronounces blessing on those persecuted for righteousness — Abel was persecuted by Cain for his righteous deeds.

Ecclesiastes 4:4 notes that envy drives human effort — Cain's envy of his brother's righteousness drove him to murder.

Ephesians 4:31 Related theme

In Ephesians 4:31, the list of vices to put away includes the malice that drove Cain to murder.

1 Peter 4:4 Parallel

In 1 Peter 4:4, the world maligns believers for not sinning, similar to Cain's resentment of Abel's righteousness.

Matthew 13:19 Related theme

Matthew 13:19 describes the evil one snatching away the word, the same figure whom Cain belonged to according to this verse.