Romans 9:29

And as Esaias said before, Except the Lord of Sabaoth had left us a seed, we had been as Sodoma, and been made like unto Gomorrha.

Cross-references

Genesis 19:24 Historical context

Genesis 19:24 records the actual destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, the historical event Paul references as a warning of total judgment.

Genesis 19:25 Historical context

Genesis 19:25 adds details of the utter overthrow of Sodom's cities and inhabitants—heightening the parallel to Paul's 'like Sodom'.

Isaiah 1:9 Citation

Isaiah 1:9 is the exact source of Paul's quote—God leaving a remnant to prevent total destruction like Sodom.

Jeremiah 49:18 uses the Sodom/Gomorrah comparison to depict total desolation for Edom, reinforcing the judgment imagery Paul quotes from Isaiah.

Jeremiah 50:40 applies the same Sodom overthrow to Babylon's judgment, echoing the metaphor of utter ruin Paul cites.

Amos 4:11 Parallel

Amos 4:11 pairs the Sodom overthrow with 'a brand plucked from the fire', directly paralleling the remnant concept in Paul's quotation.

2 Peter 2:6 Parallel

2 Peter 2:6 cites Sodom and Gomorrah as an example of judgment turned to ashes, directly reinforcing the NT use of that type.

Jude 1:7 Parallel

Jude 1:7 uses Sodom as an example of eternal fire, confirming the early Christian reference to those cities as judgment prototypes.

Isaiah 6:13 Allusion

Isaiah 6:13 also uses a stump/seed remnant imagery, reinforcing the OT theme of God preserving a holy seed despite judgment.

Lamentations 3:22 declares God's compassions prevent total consumption—parallel to Paul's point that God left descendants to avoid utter destruction.

Isaiah 13:19 uses Sodom and Gomorrah as a symbol of total overthrow for Babylon—reinforcing Paul's use of them as a byword for destruction.

Lamentations 4:6 compares Jerusalem's punishment to Sodom's but says it is worse, adding a twist to the common destruction motif.