Revelation 1:4

John to the seven churches which are in Asia: Grace be unto you, and peace, from him which is, and which was, and which is to come; and from the seven Spirits which are before his throne;

Cross-references

Revelation 1:11 Historical context

Revelation 1:11 lists the seven churches John is to write to, exactly the recipients named in 1:4.

Revelation 1:8 repeats the divine title 'which is and was and is to come' and adds 'Alpha and Omega', directly reinforcing the self-identification.

Revelation 1:20 explains the seven lampstands as the seven churches, echoing the seven churches addressed in 1:4.

Revelation 5:6 shows the seven Spirits are also the seven eyes of the Lamb, linking the Spirit to Christ’s omniscience.

Revelation 4:5 identifies the seven lamps of fire as the seven Spirits of God, clarifying the imagery of the seven Spirits before the throne here.

Rev 3:1 identifies Jesus as the one 'who has the seven spirits of God'—directly linking to the seven spirits mentioned in 1:4.

Revelation 22:21 closes with 'The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all', mirroring the opening grace blessing in verse 4.

Revelation 16:5 uses the same 'which art and wast' phrase for God, reinforcing the eternal nature stated in verse 4.

Revelation 11:17 repeats the divine title 'which art and wast and art to come', directly echoing the description of God from verse 4.

In Rev 2:8, Jesus calls Himself 'the first and the last, who died and came to life'—echoing the eternal 'him who is and was and is to come' from 1:4.

Psalm 90:2 Related theme

Psalm 90:2 declares God's eternity 'from everlasting to everlasting', paralleling the 'is, was, and is to come' as a description of His timeless nature.

Hebrews 13:8 echoes this threefold temporal description, applying it to Jesus Christ as unchanging.

Zechariah 4:10 describes seven eyes of the LORD that go throughout the earth, foreshadowing the seven Spirits sent forth.

Isaiah 57:15 Related theme

Isaiah 57:15 calls God 'the high and lofty One who inhabits eternity', directly paralleling the eternal existence described in Revelation.

Isaiah 41:4 Allusion

Isaiah 41:4 has God declare 'I am the first and with the last', a temporal claim that matches the threefold 'is, was, is to come'.

Psalm 102:25–27 Related theme

Psalm 102:25-27 describes God as the unchanging Creator who endures forever, echoing the eternal 'is and was and is to come'.

Exodus 3:14 Allusion

Exodus 3:14 reveals God as 'I AM', the eternal self-existent One, which underlies the threefold temporal description in Revelation.

Colossians 1:2 has the identical greeting 'Grace be unto you, and peace, from God our Father'—mirroring the same opening formula used in Revelation 1:4.

2 Corinthians 13:14 gives a Trinitarian benediction of grace, love, and communion—paralleling Revelation 1:4's greeting of grace and peace from God and the seven Spirits.

Zechariah 3:9 introduces seven eyes on a stone, prefiguring the seven Spirits as the Lamb’s eyes in Revelation.

Ephesians 6:23 wishes peace from God the Father and Jesus—similar to Revelation 1:4's peace from God and the seven Spirits, though with different recipients.

2 Peter 1:2 Parallel

In 2 Peter 1:2, the same 'grace and peace' greeting appears, multiplied through knowledge of God and Jesus, echoing the salutation.

2 Corinthians 1:2 uses the same 'grace and peace' greeting formula, but from God and Christ; Revelation expands the source to the eternal One.

1 Corinthians 1:3 also opens with 'Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ'—parallel greeting form.

Romans 1:7 Parallel

Romans 1:7 uses the same 'Grace to you and peace from God' greeting formula—showing a common apostolic pattern.