Exodus 15:15 uses the same word 'trembling' for Edom and Moab — echoing the fear that grips enemies in Psalm 48:6.

Exodus 15:16 adds 'terror and dread' falling on nations — reinforcing the panic described in Psalm 48:6 as divine judgment.

Isaiah 13:6-8 explicitly compares terror to 'pain like a woman in labor' — the exact image used in Psalm 48:6 for the kings' fear.

In Isaiah 21:3, the same 'pangs of a woman in labor' imagery describes the prophet's own anguish, echoing the terror of the nations.

In Jeremiah 30:6, men are depicted with hands on stomach like a woman in labor, mirroring the childbirth pain metaphor for distress.

In Hosea 13:13, 'pangs of childbirth come for him' uses the same metaphor for Israel's foolishness, paralleling the pain of the nations.

In Genesis 3:16, God multiplies pain in childbearing—the literal origin of the metaphor used here for the nations' terror.

In Exodus 15:14, 'pangs have seized the inhabitants of Philistia' directly parallels the trembling and childbirth pain of the nations.

Isaiah 13:8 uses the exact same metaphor of labor pains to depict terror at God's judgment — a direct parallel.

Isaiah 26:17 uses the same labor pain metaphor for distress before God — a clear parallel to the trembling here.

Jeremiah 6:24 repeats the exact phrase 'pain as of a woman in labor' to describe anguish — a strong verbal parallel.

Mark 13:8 calls end-time woes 'beginning of birth pains' — the same labor pain metaphor applied to a different context.

Romans 8:22 says creation groans in childbirth pains — a direct use of the same labor pain imagery for suffering.

1 Thessalonians 5:3 uses the same labor-pain metaphor for sudden destruction, echoing the anguish described here.

In Jeremiah 30:7, this 'time of distress for Jacob' follows the childbirth imagery of the previous verse, linking to the same day of terror.

Daniel 5:6 shows Belshazzar's terror and weakness — a similar physical reaction to fear, though without the childbirth metaphor of Psalm 48:6.