In Judges 3:5, this same pattern of Israel living among Canaanites is summarized as the consequence of failing to drive them out.

Joshua 16:10 says Ephraim did not drive out Canaanites from Gezer but made them tribute — identical to Judges 1:29.

1 Kings 9:15 records Solomon building Gezer — the same city Ephraim failed to conquer, now under Israelite control with forced labor.

Joshua 10:33 describes Joshua defeating Gezer's king, yet Judges 1:29 shows Canaanites still there — an earlier victory not sustained.