Joshua 5:13

And it came to pass, when Joshua was by Jericho, that he lifted up his eyes and looked, and, behold, there stood a man over against him with his sword drawn in his hand: and Joshua went unto him, and said unto him, Art thou for us, or for our adversaries?

Cross-references

Joshua 6:2 Historical context

Joshua 6:2 immediately follows — the LORD speaks to Joshua about Jericho, showing the result of this encounter.

Genesis 18:2 has Abraham lifting his eyes to see three men — a similar theophany with the same narrative phrasing.

Genesis 32:24-30 recounts Jacob wrestling with a man — another divine encounter, paralleling Joshua's mysterious visitor.

Exodus 23:23 Prophetic fulfillment

Exodus 23:23 promised an angel to lead Israel into Canaan — now that angel appears as commander to Joshua.

Numbers 22:23 also has an angel of the Lord with a drawn sword — directly parallels Joshua's encounter, stopping Balaam instead of leading Israel.

Judges 13:11 records Manoah asking 'Are you the man?' — parallels Joshua's question 'Are you for us or for our enemies?' Both involve identifying a divine messenger.

1 Chronicles 21:16 shows the angel with drawn sword over Jerusalem — same imagery of divine judgment in military form.

1 Chronicles 21:27 shows the angel sheathing his sword after judgment, contrasting with the drawn sword in Joshua's encounter that signals coming battle.

Exodus 23:20 Prophetic fulfillment

Exodus 23:20 promises an angel to lead Israel—this encounter likely fulfills that promise, with the angel appearing as a commander to Joshua.

2 Chronicles 13:12 declares 'God is our captain'—directly echoing Joshua's 'captain of the host of the Lord'. Strong thematic parallel.

Matthew 12:30 states there is no neutrality—contrasting with the commander's 'neither' response to Joshua's question.

Judges 2:1 Parallel

Judges 2:1 records the angel of the Lord appearing to Israel—like Joshua's encounter, a divine messenger with authority. Same figure likely.

John 1:18 Contrast

John 1:18 says no one has seen God—Joshua sees a divine figure, creating a tension about who this is.