James 2:23

And the scripture was fulfilled which saith, Abraham believed God, and it was imputed unto him for righteousness: and he was called the Friend of God.

Cross-references

Genesis 15:6 is the exact verse James 2:23 quotes: Abraham believed God and it was credited as righteousness.

2 Chronicles 20:7 explicitly calls Abraham 'thy friend', likely the source for James 2:23's title 'Friend of God'.

Isaiah 41:8 Allusion

In Isaiah 41:8, God calls Abraham 'my friend'—the same title James applies here, grounding the NT statement in the OT.

In John 15:13-15, Jesus calls his disciples 'friends'—the same honorific given to Abraham here, linking faith and obedience to friendship with God.

Romans 4:3-6 also quotes Genesis 15:6 but argues faith is credited apart from works, contrasting with James's emphasis on works.

Romans 4:22-24 applies the imputation of righteousness to all believers, extending the promise beyond Abraham.

Galatians 3:6 directly quotes Genesis 15:6, the same verse James 2:23 cites, emphasizing faith as the basis for righteousness.

Galatians 3:8 directly ties Abraham to the Scripture's promise of justification by faith, strongly matching James 2:23's theme.

John 15:14 Parallel

In John 15:14, Jesus defines friends as those who obey his commands—mirroring Abraham's faith-obedience that led to being called God's friend here.

John 15:15 Parallel

In John 15:15, Jesus says he has called his followers 'friends', revealing the Father's will—parallel to Abraham's privileged status as God's friend in James.

In Genesis 18:17, God confides in Abraham as a friend, revealing his plans—illustrating the intimate relationship behind James's 'friend of God'.

Romans 4:11 Parallel

Romans 4:11 explains circumcision as a seal of righteousness by faith already had, expanding on Abraham's faith apart from ritual.

Exodus 33:11 describes Moses speaking with God as a friend, mirroring Abraham being called 'Friend of God' in James 2:23.