Genesis 21:9
And Sarah saw the son of Hagar the Egyptian, which she had born unto Abraham, mocking.
Cross-references
Genesis 16:3–6
Historical context
Genesis 16:3-6 shows the earlier conflict between Sarah and Hagar, which directly leads to the tension and mocking here.
Genesis 16:15
Historical context
Genesis 16:15 records Ishmael's birth, which is the direct origin of the son who mocks here.
Genesis 16:1
Historical context
Genesis 16:1 is Sarah's barrenness, the initial problem that led to Hagar and Ishmael's presence in the family.
Genesis 17:20
Contrast
Genesis 17:20 promises Ishmael's future greatness, contrasting with his current status as a threat to Isaac.
Galatians 4:29
Allusion
Galatians 4:29 interprets this mockery as persecution, using the story allegorically to contrast fleshly and spiritual births.
Proverbs 22:10
Parallel
Proverbs 22:10 advises driving out mockers to end strife, resonating with the conflict depicted here.