Genesis 10:31

These are the sons of Shem, after their families, after their tongues, in their lands, after their nations.

Cross-references

Genesis 10:5 uses the same formula for Japheth's descendants: 'after their tongues, families, nations' — a parallel summary for a different son.

Genesis 10:20 uses the same formula for Ham's descendants — 'families, tongues, nations' — mirroring this verse about Shem.

Genesis 10:32 concludes the chapter by summarizing all families of Noah's sons, expanding on the specific list of Shem in this verse.

Genesis 11:9 Historical context

Genesis 11:9 explains the confusion of languages at Babel — the event that led to the division of tongues mentioned in this verse.

Acts 17:26 Related theme

Acts 17:26 speaks of God determining the boundaries of nations — a broader theological reflection on the division of peoples summarized here.