Exodus 18:21

Moreover thou shalt provide out of all the people able men, such as fear God, men of truth, hating covetousness; and place such over them, to be rulers of thousands, and rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens:

Cross-reference

Exodus 18:25 Prophetic fulfillment

Exodus 18:25 shows Moses immediately carrying out Jethro’s advice, choosing able men to lead the people.

Exodus 23:2-9 expands on hating dishonest gain by forbidding bribery and perverting justice, a concrete application of the same principle.

Exodus 23:8 Parallel

Exodus 23:8 forbids bribery, reinforcing the requirement that judges hate a bribe, as stated here.

2 Peter 2:15 describes Balaam loving the wages of wickedness — the direct opposite of hating dishonest gain required of leaders here.

2 Peter 2:14 describes false teachers with hearts trained in greed — the opposite of the leader who hates dishonest gain in Exodus 18:21.

1 Timothy 6:9–11 Related theme

1 Timothy 6:9-11 warns against love of money and urges fleeing it — reinforcing the danger that the leader qualification in Exodus 18:21 aims to avoid.

In 1 Timothy 3:3, a bishop must not be a lover of money — directly paralleling the requirement to hate dishonest gain in Exodus 18:21.

Acts 20:33 Parallel

In Acts 20:33, Paul states he coveted no one's silver or gold — exemplifying the 'not greedy for dishonest gain' from Exodus 18:21.

Acts 6:3 Parallel

Acts 6:3 applies the same leadership criteria—selecting men of good repute, full of Spirit and wisdom—for church deacons.

Luke 18:4 Contrast

In Luke 18:4, the same judge admits he does not fear God — reinforcing the contrast with the God-fearing judge demanded in Exodus 18:21.

Luke 18:2 Contrast

In Luke 18:2, the unjust judge 'neither feared God nor respected man' — the exact opposite of the judge required in Exodus, who must fear God.

Ezekiel 22:12 condemns the taking of bribes and extortion — the opposite of the honest leaders required in Exodus 18:21.

Jeremiah 5:1 seeks a man who does justice and seeks truth, directly echoing the criteria Moses uses to choose judges.

Isaiah 33:15 describes a person who rejects unjust gain and refuses bribes — a direct parallel to the leader qualifications in Exodus 18:21.

Psalm 26:10 Contrast

Psalm 26:10 describes those whose right hands are full of bribes — directly contrasting the 'hate dishonest gain' requirement from Exodus 18:21.

In Nehemiah 7:2, Hananiah is appointed because he 'feared God more than many' — mirroring the qualification for judges in Exodus 18:21.

In 2 Chronicles 19:5-10, Jehoshaphat appoints judges with the same criteria — fearing God, honesty, no bribery — directly applying Jethro's advice.

Deuteronomy 1:13–17 Historical context

Deuteronomy 1:13-17 recounts the appointment of judges — directly fulfilling Jethro's advice here, describing the same process.

Deuteronomy 1:15 Historical context

Deuteronomy 1:15 records Moses implementing Jethro's advice, appointing wise and experienced leaders — a direct parallel to the selection criteria here.

Deuteronomy 16:19 forbids bribery and partiality, directly supporting the qualifications for judges outlined here.

1 Samuel 8:3 shows Samuel's sons taking bribes and perverting justice, the opposite of the judges Moses appoints.

In 1 Samuel 12:3, Samuel appeals to his own integrity, asking if he has taken bribes — directly embodying the 'hate dishonest gain' quality from Exodus 18:21.

In 1 Samuel 12:4, the people affirm Samuel's innocence, confirming he lives out the leader qualifications of Exodus 18:21.

2 Samuel 23:3 directly ties ruling justly to fearing God, a strong echo of the leadership qualification in Exodus 18:21.

Leviticus 19:15 commands impartial judgment — directly echoing the fear of God and rejection of dishonest gain required of leaders here.

In 2 Chronicles 19:7, Jehoshaphat charges judges with the same virtues—fear God and hate bribes—as in Exodus 18:21.

Jeremiah 22:17 condemns eyes set on dishonest gain and oppression — the opposite of the leader who hates bribes in Exodus 18:21.

Proverbs 28:16 says a ruler who hates unjust gain prolongs his days, matching the leader qualification in Exodus 18:21.

Proverbs 15:27 directly parallels this: 'whoever hates bribes will live' — the exact quality required of leaders in Exodus 18:21.

Isaiah 16:5 Typology

Isaiah 16:5 promises a future Davidic king who judges with justice and righteousness — the ultimate fulfillment of the ideal judge in Exodus.

Deuteronomy 16:18 commands appointing judges who judge righteously, echoing the call for trustworthy, God-fearing leaders.

Ezekiel 18:8 lists avoiding bribery and injustice as marks of a righteous man, paralleling the judges' qualifications.

Zechariah 8:16 calls for truth and true judgments, directly supporting the qualities Moses seeks in judges.

Ezra 7:25 Parallel

In Ezra 7:25, Ezra appoints judges, mirroring the instruction in Exodus 18:21 to set up leaders.

Job 29:16 Parallel

In Job 29:16, Job describes himself as a father to the needy, searching out their cases — an example of the just judging that Exodus 18:21 seeks.

Job 31:13 Parallel

In Job 31:13, Job asserts he did not reject the cause of his servants — embodying the impartial justice that Exodus 18:21 requires of judges.

Ephesians 5:3 forbids covetousness, aligning with the command to hate dishonest gain in Exodus 18:21.

1 Kings 18:3 describes Obadiah as one who feared the Lord greatly, exemplifying the first quality of a faithful leader.

Psalm 119:36 prays for a heart turned from selfish gain, echoing the leader's requirement to hate dishonest gain in Exodus 18:21.

1 Samuel 8:12 warns of kings appointing commanders for oppressive purposes — contrasting with the godly, selfless leaders Jethro recommends.

1 Kings 3:9-12 shows Solomon asking for discernment to govern, paralleling the need for wise, God-fearing leaders.

Zechariah 7:9 commands rendering true judgments, aligning with the requirement for trustworthy judges here.

Ecclesiastes 12:13 makes 'fear God' the whole duty of man — a general application of the same principle found in the judicial context of Exodus.

Isaiah 59:15 describes a society lacking truth and justice, where the righteous suffer — opposite of the judges' ideal.

Isaiah 59:14 shows justice and truth turned back, contrasting the righteous judges Moses selects.

Isaiah 59:4 Contrast

Isaiah 59:4 depicts the absence of justice and truth, the opposite of the trustworthy, bribe-hating judges Moses appoints.