Ephesians 4:9

(Now that he ascended, what is it but that he also descended first into the lower parts of the earth?

Cross-references

Psalm 63:9 Allusion

Psalm 63:9 uses the exact phrase 'lower parts of the earth' for enemies; Ephesians 4:9 reuses it for Christ's redemptive descent.

Proverbs 30:4 asks 'Who has ascended to heaven and come down?' – the same question Paul uses here to argue Christ's descent and ascent.

Matthew 12:40 says Christ was three days in the 'heart of the earth'—directly parallel to descending into the lower parts.

John 3:13 Parallel

John 3:13 directly states that the Son of Man descended and ascended – the same pattern Paul uses here to explain Christ's incarnation and exaltation.

John 6:38 Parallel

John 6:38 explicitly states Jesus came down from heaven with a purpose – to do the Father's will. This directly parallels His descent to earth.

John 6:41 Parallel

John 6:41 records Jesus saying He is the bread that came down from heaven, emphasizing His divine origin and descent.

John 6:51 Parallel

John 6:51 identifies Jesus as the living bread come down from heaven, linking descent to giving life to the world.

John 8:14 Related theme

John 8:14 has Jesus asserting He knows where He came from (heaven) and where He is going – confirming His conscious descent and ascent.

John 16:28 Parallel

John 16:27 says the Father loves believers because they believe Jesus came from God – linking faith to His origin and descent.

Acts 2:34–36 Historical context

Acts 2:34-36 reveals Christ's ascension to God's right hand, linking His descent to His enthronement as Lord and Christ.

Hebrews 2:9 Related theme

Hebrews 2:9 explicitly says Jesus was made lower to taste death, linking his humiliation directly to the descent in Ephesians 4:9.

Psalm 71:20 Parallel

Psalm 71:20 speaks of being brought up from the 'depths of the earth', mirroring the resurrection ascent after Christ's descent.

John 6:62 Parallel

John 6:62 refers to the Son of Man ascending to where he was before – the same ascension event that follows the descent mentioned here.

Philippians 2:10 mentions those 'under the earth' bowing to Christ, the sphere where he descended before being exalted.

John 6:33 Parallel

John 6:33 speaks of Christ coming down from heaven to give life – the same descent that precedes the ascension and gift-giving here.