Ephesians 2:20

And are built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Jesus Christ himself being the chief corner stone;

Cross-reference

Ephesians 4:12 adds the purpose of the apostolic foundation: equipping saints for building up the body, connecting the foundation to ongoing growth.

Ephesians 4:11-13 expands on apostles and prophets as Christ's gifts to build the church to unity and maturity.

Ephesians 3:5 identifies the same apostles and prophets as recipients of revelation — underscoring their foundational role in Ephesians 2:20.

Acts 4:12 Parallel

In Acts 4:12, the cornerstone is linked to exclusive salvation — no other name saves — tying foundation to redemption.

Revelation 21:14 shows the New Jerusalem's twelve foundations bearing the apostles' names, reinforcing their foundational role.

1 Peter 2:8 Parallel

In 1 Peter 2:8, Isaiah 8:14 depicts the cornerstone as a stone of stumbling for the disobedient — a contrasting outcome.

1 Peter 2:5 Parallel

1 Peter 2:5 extends the metaphor to believers as living stones being built into a spiritual house, showing how the foundation supports the whole structure.

1 Peter 2:4 Allusion

1 Peter 2:4 describes Christ as a living stone rejected by men, reinforcing the cornerstone imagery with the theme of rejection and divine choice.

1 Corinthians 12:28 ranks apostles and prophets first in the church, echoing their foundational role described here.

1 Corinthians 3:9-11 also uses building imagery, declaring Christ the only foundation — consistent with Him as cornerstone.

Acts 4:11 Allusion

In Acts 4:11, Peter quotes Psalm 118:22, directly identifying Jesus as the rejected cornerstone — same OT allusion.

Luke 20:18 Parallel

In Luke 20:18, the stone becomes judgment — crushing or breaking those who reject it, adding a warning to the cornerstone imagery.

Psalm 118:22 is the OT verse about the rejected stone becoming the cornerstone, which Paul applies to Christ here.

Mark 12:10 Allusion

Mark 12:10 also quotes Psalm 118:22, paralleling Jesus' identification as the cornerstone.

Isaiah 28:16 Prophetic fulfillment

Isaiah 28:16 prophesies a precious cornerstone in Zion, which Paul identifies as Christ, the cornerstone of the church.

Matthew 21:42 has Jesus quoting Psalm 118:22 about the rejected cornerstone — the same image Paul uses for Christ.

Luke 20:17 Allusion

In Luke 20:17, Jesus again cites Psalm 118:22, reinforcing the cornerstone metaphor as central to his identity.

In Matthew 12:6, Jesus says something greater than the temple is here — he himself is the cornerstone of the church.

Job 38:6 Parallel

Job 38:6 speaks of God laying the earth's foundation and cornerstone, paralleling Christ as the church's cornerstone.

Revelation 18:20 specifically mentions apostles and prophets rejoicing, echoing their foundational role described here.

1 Peter 2:6 Citation

1 Peter 2:6 quotes the cornerstone prophecy — directly connecting to Christ as the chief cornerstone in Ephesians 2:20.

2 Timothy 2:19 Related theme

2 Timothy 2:19 speaks of God's firm foundation — directly paralleling the foundation imagery in Ephesians 2:20.

Colossians 2:7 uses 'built up in him' — parallel building metaphor to the foundation in Ephesians 2:20.

In Isaiah 54:11, God promises to lay foundations with sapphires for restored Jerusalem — a prophetic image of the new covenant temple, the church.

In Zechariah 4:7, Zerubbabel brings out the capstone — prefiguring Christ as the cornerstone of the church's foundation.

In Zechariah 6:12, the Branch will build the temple — fulfilled in Christ building the church on himself as cornerstone.

1 Corinthians 3:11 declares Jesus Christ as the only foundation — complementing the cornerstone role in Ephesians 2:20.

1 Corinthians 3:10 uses the same building metaphor: Paul laid a foundation. This reinforces the foundation imagery of apostles and prophets in Ephesians 2:20.

In Genesis 49:24, Jacob calls God the 'Shepherd, the Stone of Israel' — an OT type of Christ as cornerstone.

Acts 2:42 Historical context

Acts 2:42 shows the early church devoted to apostles' teaching — the same apostolic foundation the church is built on here.

John 2:21 Parallel

John 2:21 identifies Jesus' body as the temple he would raise — the same Christ who is the cornerstone of the church's foundation here.

Galatians 2:9 calls James, Peter, and John 'pillars' — a complementary building metaphor for apostolic leadership.

Romans 16:26 mentions prophetic writings revealing the gospel — the same prophets that are part of the church's foundation here.

Romans 15:20 echoes the foundation metaphor for gospel preaching — Paul avoids building on others' foundations, while here the foundation is apostles and prophets.

Proverbs 9:1 describes Wisdom building a house with pillars, paralleling the church as a spiritual house built on its foundation.

Acts 1:2 Historical context

Acts 1:2 records Jesus giving commands through the Spirit to the chosen apostles — the very apostles who are the foundation here.

Luke 6:48 Parallel

Luke 6:48 uses foundation-on-rock imagery for personal obedience, echoing the same building metaphor for the church's foundation.