In Ecclesiastes 1:17, the same 'chasing after wind' verdict applies to pursuing wisdom, expanding the meaninglessness claim from 1:14.

In Ecclesiastes 1:18, the reason wisdom is vanity is given — it increases sorrow, deepening the futility theme from 1:14.

In Ecclesiastes 2:17, 'chasing after wind' leads to hating life, intensifying the futility theme from 1:14.

In Ecclesiastes 2:11, the same 'chasing after wind' repeats after surveying all works, confirming the emptiness declared in 1:14.

In Ecclesiastes 12:8, this same refrain 'all is vanity' concludes the book, reinforcing the opening observation.

In Ecclesiastes 6:9, this 'vanity and vexation' refers to the futility of unfulfilled desires versus present enjoyment.

In Ecclesiastes 4:16, this 'vanity and vexation' describes the fleeting fame of a wise ruler—no lasting gratitude.

In Ecclesiastes 4:4, this same 'vanity and vexation' applies to the envy from labor, reinforcing the futility theme.

Ecclesiastes 3:10 describes the 'travail' God gives — the same burden that leads to the vanity conclusion.

Ecclesiastes 2:15 reinforces the vanity of wisdom vs. folly — a direct continuation of the same argument.

In Ecclesiastes 11:10, this 'vanity' is attached to youth—a specific life stage echoing the book's overarching theme.

In Ecclesiastes 8:9, this same 'work under the sun' yields oppressive rule—another instance of futility without naming 'vanity' explicitly.

Psalm 127:2 calls anxious labor 'vain' — directly matches Qoheleth's claim that all toil is vanity.

Psalm 78:33 explicitly says God consumed their days with futility — a direct parallel to the 'vanity' under the sun.

Genesis 3:17 grounds the vanity of labor in the curse — Adam's toil becomes painful and futile, echoing Qoheleth's theme.

In 1 Kings 4:30-32, Solomon's unparalleled wisdom is described — the very wisdom that 1:14 declares 'chasing after wind'.

Esther 5:13 shows Haman's discontent despite wealth — a specific example of vanity: achievements bring no satisfaction.

Psalm 144:4 compares life to a breath and shadow — the fleeting nature underlying Qoheleth's 'vanity'.

In Psalm 39:5, human life is a mere breath, reinforcing the brevity and futility theme of Ecclesiastes 1:14.

Job 7:3 describes the futility of endless misery and trouble, mirroring Qoheleth's 'vexation of spirit'.