Deuteronomy 25:9
Then shall his brother’s wife come unto him in the presence of the elders, and loose his shoe from off his foot, and spit in his face, and shall answer and say, So shall it be done unto that man that will not build up his brother’s house.
Cross-references
Genesis 38:8-10 records Onan's refusal of levirate duty — the same situation that Deut 25:9 addresses with the sandal removal ritual.
Numbers 12:14 shows spitting in the face as a shameful symbol, directly parallel to the spitting ceremony here.
Ruth 4:7 shows a similar sandal-removal custom, but in a transaction of redemption rather than refusal.
Ruth 4:8 depicts the actual sandal removal, fulfilling the same legal custom in a different context.
Ruth 4:10 shows Boaz willingly performing levirate marriage — the opposite of the refusal that triggers the sandal ritual in Deut 25:9.
Job 30:10 describes enemies spitting in Job's face as a sign of contempt, mirroring the ritual spitting.
Isaiah 50:6 includes spitting as part of the suffering servant's disgrace, paralleling the shame of this ritual.
Matthew 26:67 records spitting on Jesus during his trial, echoing the disgraceful spitting in this ceremony.