Amos 1:13
Thus saith the Lord; For three transgressions of the children of Ammon, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they have ripped up the women with child of Gilead, that they might enlarge their border:
Cross-references
Amos 1:3 begins the same 'three sins... four' formula against Damascus, forming part of this series of oracles.
Amos 2:1 continues the same judgment formula against Moab, another oracle in this cycle against nations.
Zephaniah 2:8 condemns Ammonites for taunting God's people, another prophetic indictment matching this judgment.
Judges 10:7-9 records Ammonites oppressing Gilead and other tribes — the same aggression against Israel that Amos denounces.
Judges 11:15-28 recounts Ammonites' territorial claim against Israel, the backdrop for their violent expansion condemned here.
1 Samuel 11:1 describes Nahash the Ammonite besieging Jabesh Gilead — a direct example of their cruelty against Gilead.
1 Samuel 11:2 records Ammonites demanding to gouge out eyes — another brutal tactic against Israel similar to the atrocity here.
Deuteronomy 2:19 shows God commanding Israel not to harass Ammonites — contrasting with their brutal expansion against Gilead condemned here.
Jeremiah 49:1-6 likewise pronounces judgment on Ammonites for seizing Gad's land and cruelty, echoing this condemnation.
Ezekiel 25:2-7 also judges Ammonites for rejoicing over Israel's calamity, a parallel oracle of divine retribution.
2 Kings 8:12 uses the exact same phrase 'rip open pregnant women' for Hazael's atrocities — a parallel war crime.
2 Kings 15:16 records Menahem ripping open pregnant women — the same brutal tactic appears within Israel itself.
Zephaniah 2:9 declares Ammon will become like Gomorrah—a parallel judgment oracle against the same nation.
Ezekiel 21:28 pronounces a sword against the Ammonites, a similar judgment oracle for their wrongdoing.
Jeremiah 25:21 lists Ammon among nations sentenced to drink God's wrath, echoing the judgment on Ammon here.
Ezekiel 35:10 echoes the land-grabbing motive — Edom similarly seeks to possess Israel's territory, inviting God's judgment.
Deuteronomy 23:4 adds that Ammonites hired Balaam to curse Israel, further evidence of their longstanding opposition condemned here.
Deuteronomy 23:3 excludes Ammonites from Israel's assembly for their historical hostility — the same enmity that led to their violent crime here.