Amos 1:13

Thus saith the Lord; For three transgressions of the children of Ammon, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they have ripped up the women with child of Gilead, that they might enlarge their border:

Cross-references

Amos 1:3 Parallel

Amos 1:3 begins the same 'three sins... four' formula against Damascus, forming part of this series of oracles.

Amos 2:1 Parallel

Amos 2:1 continues the same judgment formula against Moab, another oracle in this cycle against nations.

Zephaniah 2:8 condemns Ammonites for taunting God's people, another prophetic indictment matching this judgment.

Judges 10:7–9 Historical context

Judges 10:7-9 records Ammonites oppressing Gilead and other tribes — the same aggression against Israel that Amos denounces.

Judges 11:15–28 Historical context

Judges 11:15-28 recounts Ammonites' territorial claim against Israel, the backdrop for their violent expansion condemned here.

1 Samuel 11:1 Historical context

1 Samuel 11:1 describes Nahash the Ammonite besieging Jabesh Gilead — a direct example of their cruelty against Gilead.

1 Samuel 11:2 records Ammonites demanding to gouge out eyes — another brutal tactic against Israel similar to the atrocity here.

Deuteronomy 2:19 shows God commanding Israel not to harass Ammonites — contrasting with their brutal expansion against Gilead condemned here.

Jeremiah 49:1-6 likewise pronounces judgment on Ammonites for seizing Gad's land and cruelty, echoing this condemnation.

Ezekiel 25:2-7 also judges Ammonites for rejoicing over Israel's calamity, a parallel oracle of divine retribution.

2 Kings 8:12 uses the exact same phrase 'rip open pregnant women' for Hazael's atrocities — a parallel war crime.

2 Kings 15:16 records Menahem ripping open pregnant women — the same brutal tactic appears within Israel itself.

Zephaniah 2:9 declares Ammon will become like Gomorrah—a parallel judgment oracle against the same nation.

Ezekiel 21:28 pronounces a sword against the Ammonites, a similar judgment oracle for their wrongdoing.

Jeremiah 25:21 lists Ammon among nations sentenced to drink God's wrath, echoing the judgment on Ammon here.

Ezekiel 35:10 echoes the land-grabbing motive — Edom similarly seeks to possess Israel's territory, inviting God's judgment.

Deuteronomy 23:4 Historical context

Deuteronomy 23:4 adds that Ammonites hired Balaam to curse Israel, further evidence of their longstanding opposition condemned here.

Deuteronomy 23:3 Historical context

Deuteronomy 23:3 excludes Ammonites from Israel's assembly for their historical hostility — the same enmity that led to their violent crime here.