Deuteronomy 25:2 provides the legal basis for beating with stripes, the Jewish practice Paul endured.

Deuteronomy 25:3 limits stripes to forty — Paul's 'forty minus one' avoids exceeding that limit.

In Matthew 10:17, Jesus predicts flogging in synagogues — Paul's experience fulfills that prophecy.

Mark 13:9 repeats Jesus' prediction of being beaten in synagogues — Paul endured exactly that.

Matthew 23:34: Jesus foretells flogging of prophets in synagogues — Paul is among those flogged.

Acts 5:40: apostles were flogged — Paul's experience mirrors that early church persecution.

Luke 11:49: Jesus says some prophets will be persecuted — Paul's flogging is a specific instance of that persecution.

Hebrews 11:36 describes faithful believers enduring scourging and imprisonment — the same kind of suffering Paul lists here, showing his solidarity with persecuted saints.