Romans 11:8 already introduced the spirit of stupor and inability to see—directly reinforcing the darkened eyes and bent backs.

Romans 1:21 describes darkened hearts as judgment for unbelief—the same pattern as the judicial blinding here.

Psalm 69:23 is the original prayer David makes against enemies—Paul directly quotes it as applying to unbelieving Israel.

Ephesians 4:18 uses the same 'darkened' imagery for Gentile hardening, showing a parallel spiritual condition of blindness.

Isaiah 51:23 describes Israel's back bent by oppressors; similar image to the 'bent back' in Paul's Psalm quotation.