Verse 4 describes the dragon waiting to devour the child the woman is about to give birth to in verse 2, continuing the same narrative.

Revelation 12:5 shows the result of this labor: the male child is born and caught up to God's throne.

Micah 5:3 prophesies that Israel is given up until the Messiah's birth — the exact labor pains shown here.

Romans 8:22 depicts all creation groaning in childbirth pains — the same eschatological labor imagery as here.

Isaiah 66:7 describes a woman giving birth without pain, in contrast to this verse where the woman cries out in pain during childbirth.

John 16:21 uses childbirth pain as a metaphor for sorrow turning to joy — a parallel to the labor here.