Luke 8:13 explains the rocky soil as those who receive the word with joy but fall away when tested — the spiritual meaning.

Matthew 13:5 gives the same detail about seed on rocky ground, adding that the soil was shallow — a parallel account.

Matthew 13:6 describes the scorching sun causing the plants to wither — identical to Luke 8:6's account.

In Matthew 13:20, this same parable interprets the rocky ground as those who receive the word with joy but have no root.

In Matthew 13:21, the parallel interpretation explains that such people fall away when trouble or persecution comes because they lack root.

In Mark 4:5, the same parable describes the rocky soil as having no depth, causing the seed to spring up quickly.

In Mark 4:6, the parallel account says the plants withered because they had no root — the same outcome as lack of moisture here.

In Mark 4:16, the interpretation identifies the rocky soil with those who hear the word and immediately receive it with joy.

In Mark 4:17, the parallel says such people endure only a short time, falling away when persecution arises — same as Luke's withered seed.

Ezekiel 11:19 promises God will remove a heart of stone — contrasting the rocky soil's hard heart that prevents rooting.