Joshua 22:25-28 explains the altar built here was a witness to unity — the cross-reference reveals its intended purpose.

In Joshua 22:27, the altar's purpose as a witness is explained — directly linked to the construction in verse 10.

In Joshua 24:27, the stone serves as a witness, just as the altar in chapter 22 is later explained to be a witness between the tribes.

Joshua 4:5-9 recounts stones as a Jordan crossing memorial — both involve memorials at the river, but with different functions.

In Joshua 24:26, Joshua also erects a stone as a memorial — both are monuments, but one is an altar, the other a stone.

In Genesis 31:46-52, Jacob and Laban set up a heap of stones as a witness — directly parallel to the altar's purpose as a witness in Joshua 22.

In Genesis 28:18, Jacob sets up a stone pillar as a memorial — a parallel act of erecting a monument, though purposes differ.