John 6:31

Our fathers did eat manna in the desert; as it is written, He gave them bread from heaven to eat.

Cross-references

John 6:49 Contrast

John 6:49 contrasts the manna from heaven in this verse: your ancestors ate it yet died, but Jesus gives eternal bread.

Exodus 16:4-15 is the manna-giving event referenced here — God raining bread from heaven for the ancestors.

Numbers 11:6–9 Historical context

Numbers 11:6-9 details the manna's appearance and the people's complaint, providing concrete background for the 'bread from heaven' reference.

Deuteronomy 8:3 explains that manna taught dependence on God's word, adding theological purpose to the physical provision.

Psalm 78:24 Citation

Psalm 78:24 describes God raining down manna as 'grain of heaven,' reinforcing the Old Testament background of the event.

Psalm 78:25 Historical context

Psalm 78:25 calls manna 'bread of angels,' adding a supernatural dimension to the physical provision.

Psalm 105:40 directly says 'he fed them with bread from heaven'—likely the source of the quote in John 6:31.

1 Corinthians 10:3 calls manna 'spiritual food,' interpreting it as a type of Christ—the true bread from heaven.

Revelation 2:17 promises 'hidden manna' to overcomers, linking the wilderness bread to eternal reward in Christ.

Exodus 16:15 Historical context

Exodus 16:15 records the Israelites discovering manna — the very bread from heaven the crowd cites as a sign in John 6:31.

Nehemiah 9:15 recounts God giving 'bread from heaven for their hunger,' a direct parallel to the wilderness manna.

Exodus 16:35 Historical context

Exodus 16:35 gives the detail of manna lasting 40 years — background to the manna mentioned in this verse.

Joshua 5:12 Historical context

Joshua 5:12 records the manna ceasing after entering Canaan, showing the temporary nature of this provision.

Nehemiah 9:20 ties manna to God's Spirit and instruction, emphasizing divine provision and guidance beyond mere food.

Matthew 16:1 shows Pharisees demanding a sign from heaven — the same kind of request the crowd makes by referencing manna in John 6:31.