Isaiah 13:4

The noise of a multitude in the mountains, like as of a great people; a tumultuous noise of the kingdoms of nations gathered together: the Lord of hosts mustereth the host of the battle.

Cross-references

Isaiah 10:6 Parallel

In Isaiah 10:6, the same Assyrian army is sent against a godless nation, echoing the Lord mustering nations for judgment.

Isaiah 10:5 Parallel

In Isaiah 10:5, Assyria is explicitly God's rod of anger—another foreign army used as His instrument of judgment.

Isaiah 18:3 Parallel

Isaiah 18:3 announces a banner and trumpet on mountains—parallel signaling of divine action to the noise on mountains in Isaiah 13:4.

Isaiah 48:14 Historical context

Isaiah 48:14 ties God's chosen ally to Babylon's judgment—same context as the mustered army against Babylon in Isaiah 13:4.

Isaiah 45:1 Parallel

In Isaiah 45:1, Cyrus is anointed by God to subdue nations—another instance of God using a foreign conqueror as His agent.

In Revelation 19:11-21, the mustered armies for God's final judgment fulfill the pattern of Isaiah's gathering of nations against Babylon.

Joel 2:1-11 depicts the day of the Lord with a locust-like army summoned by God, echoing the mustering noise and divine war in Isaiah 13:4.

Jeremiah 51:28 continues the list of mustered nations against Babylon, reinforcing this divine summons.

Jeremiah 51:27 commands gathering kingdoms (Ararat, Minni, Ashchenaz) against Babylon — identical imagery.

Jeremiah 51:11 names the Medes as God’s instrument, echoing the mustering of hosts here.

In Jeremiah 51:6-15, the command to flee Babylon and God's vengeance echo the impending judgment scene in Isaiah 13.

Jeremiah 50:21-46 expands on the mustering of nations against Babylon, directly paralleling this battle call.

In Jeremiah 50:15, the battle cry and capture of Babylon continue the theme of God's judgment on Babylon from Isaiah 13.

In Jeremiah 50:14, the call to surround Babylon and shoot mirrors the mustering of armies against Babylon in Isaiah 13.

Jeremiah 50:3 specifies the northern nation desolating Babylon — the same army gathering prophesied here.

Joel 2:11 Allusion

Joel 2:11 directly portrays the Lord at the head of his mighty army—virtually identical imagery to the muster in Isaiah 13:4.

In Joel 2:4-11, a similar image of a terrifying army mustered by God appears, using locusts to depict divine judgment.

In Revelation 9:7-19, locust-like creatures from the abyss parallel the chaotic, unstoppable army God musters in Isaiah.