Hosea 13:2

And now they sin more and more, and have made them molten images of their silver, and idols according to their own understanding, all of it the work of the craftsmen: they say of them, Let the men that sacrifice kiss the calves.

Cross-references

Hosea 8:4 Parallel

Hosea 8:4 explicitly states they made idols with their silver and gold, directly matching the metal images described here.

Hosea 2:8 Historical context

Hosea 2:8 reveals that the silver and gold used for idols were given by God, adding the source of the materials mentioned here.

Hosea 11:2 Parallel

Hosea 11:2 recounts Israel sacrificing to Baals despite being called, paralleling the persistent idolatry here.

Hosea 10:5 Parallel

Hosea 10:5 describes mourning for the calf of Beth-aven, directly connecting to the 'kissing calves' detail here.

Hosea 4:17 Parallel

Hosea 4:17 declares Ephraim joined to idols, reinforcing the same charge of idolatry and divine abandonment.

Hosea 10:1 Parallel

Hosea 10:1 shows that as Israel prospered, they built more altars and pillars, illustrating the escalation of idolatry.

Isaiah 44:17-20 satirizes a man praying to an idol he made — the same absurdity as making silver idols and kissing them.

Romans 11:4 Citation

In Romans 11:4, Paul quotes the remnant who did not kiss Baal, reinforcing the same standard against idolatrous kissing.

In Romans 1:22-25, Paul describes the same folly: exchanging God's glory for images of creatures, just as Israel kissed calves.

Habakkuk 2:19 mocks idols overlaid with gold and silver that have no breath — the same lifelessness implied in kissing calves.

In Jeremiah 10:4, idols are decorated with silver and gold and fastened with nails — the same craftsmanship as the metal images here.

Isaiah 46:6 Parallel

Isaiah 46:6 depicts hiring a goldsmith to make a god from silver and gold, directly paralleling the idol craftsmanship here.

Psalm 115:4-8 describes idols as silver and gold, the work of human hands, and adds that makers become like them — a strong echo of the idol-making here.

In 1 Kings 19:18, the same phrase 'kissed him' refers to kissing Baal — directly parallel to kissing calves in idolatry.

Exodus 32:4 Historical context

In Exodus 32:4, Aaron makes a golden calf — the very image Hosea condemns Israel for kissing.

Isaiah 2:8 Parallel

Isaiah 2:8 describes land full of idols, bowing to handmade objects — a direct parallel to Israel's idol-making here.

Psalm 78:58 Parallel

Psalm 78:58 shows Israel's idolatry provoking God with carved images, echoing the same sin pattern here.

Job 31:27 Parallel

In Job 31:27, Job denies kissing his hand in worship of heavenly bodies — a parallel act of idolatrous kissing.

2 Chronicles 11:15 Historical context

In 2 Chronicles 11:15, Jeroboam's calves are mentioned, directly linking to the calf worship Hosea condemns.

2 Kings 10:29 Historical context

In 2 Kings 10:29, the golden calves at Bethel and Dan are noted — the same idolatrous calves Hosea references.

In Deuteronomy 27:15, a curse is pronounced on making molten images — the same sin Hosea describes.

Psalm 2:12 Contrast

In Psalm 2:12, kissing the Son is commanded as true homage, contrasting with the forbidden kissing of idols in Hosea.

Habakkuk 2:18 calls a metal image a 'teacher of lies' — echoing the futility of the silver idols and calf-kissing in Hosea.

Isaiah 17:8 Contrast

Isaiah 17:8 speaks of future abandonment of idol altars, contrasting with the persistent idolatry here.

Isaiah 45:20 rebukes those who pray to a god that cannot save — mirrors the uselessness of the silver calves in Hosea.

Psalm 135:18 says idol makers become like their idols — a principle that applies to those kissing calves, becoming spiritually dead.

Psalm 135:17 notes idols have ears but cannot hear — a classic critique underlying the foolishness of kissing calves in Hosea.