In Genesis 12:17, God afflicts Pharaoh and his house with great plagues for the same reason — taking Sarai. This is the second time this pattern occurs.

Genesis 29:31 shows the opposite: God opening Leah's womb. Together they illustrate God's sovereign control over fertility — opening and closing.

In Genesis 16:2, Sarai says 'the LORD has prevented me from bearing children' — the same divine sovereignty over wombs, though applied to Sarah's own barrenness.

In Genesis 30:2, Jacob tells Rachel 'Am I in the place of God, who has withheld from you the fruit of the womb?' — attributing barrenness to God's sovereign control.

In 1 Samuel 1:6, 'the LORD had closed Hannah's womb' — nearly identical language showing God's sovereignty over fertility, though as providence rather than judgment.

Ruth 4:13 likewise credits God with enabling conception. The LORD who closes wombs also opens them by His sovereign will.

1 Samuel 1:5 uses identical language — God had closed Hannah's womb. The same divine power behind Abimelech's affliction shaped Hannah's struggle.