Exodus 9:7

And Pharaoh sent, and, behold, there was not one of the cattle of the Israelites dead. And the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, and he did not let the people go.

Cross-references

Exodus 9:12 Contrast

Exodus 9:12 shows the shift: now the Lord hardens Pharaoh's heart, contrasting with Pharaoh's own hardening here.

Exodus 7:14 Parallel

Exodus 7:14 introduces the theme of a hardened heart early in the plagues, setting the stage for Pharaoh's stubbornness here.

Exodus 8:32 Parallel

Exodus 8:32 records another instance of Pharaoh hardening his heart after the flies — showing this as a recurring pattern.

Job 9:4 Parallel

Job 9:4 declares that no one who hardens against God succeeds — directly applying to Pharaoh's futile resistance.

Proverbs 29:1 describes the fate of the stiff-necked — Pharaoh's repeated reproofs lead to sudden destruction.

Daniel 5:20 Parallel

Daniel 5:20 parallels Pharaoh: Nebuchadnezzar's hardened spirit led to his downfall — another example of pride before judgment.

Romans 9:18 Allusion

Romans 9:18 uses this hardening as a prime example of God's sovereign will — He hardens whom He desires.

Isaiah 48:4 Parallel

Isaiah 48:4 uses similar language of obstinacy for Israel — hardness of heart is a human problem, not unique to Pharaoh.