Exodus 22:28

Thou shalt not revile the gods, nor curse the ruler of thy people.

Cross-reference

Exodus 21:17 also prohibits cursing (parents), expanding the principle to family authority.

Ecclesiastes 10:20 directly expands on not cursing a ruler, warning against even thoughts.

Jude 1:8 Parallel

Jude 1:8 condemns those who reject authority and blaspheme, reinforcing the seriousness of cursing rulers.

2 Peter 2:10 condemns those who despise authority and blaspheme, showing the opposite of Exodus 22:28's command.

Romans 13:2-7 expands the principle to all governing authorities, linking respect for rulers to God's ordinance.

Acts 23:5 Citation

Acts 23:5 directly cites Exodus 22:28, showing Paul's acknowledgment of the command not to speak evil of a ruler.

John 10:34 Citation

John 10:34 cites Psalm 82:6 where rulers are called 'gods'—illuminating the biblical background for the command here not to curse rulers.

In 1 Samuel 26:9, David again refuses to harm Saul, reinforcing the principle of respecting the Lord's anointed ruler.

In 1 Samuel 24:10, David explains he spared Saul because he is the Lord's anointed — honoring the command against cursing a ruler.

In 1 Samuel 24:6, David refuses to harm Saul, the Lord's anointed — embodying the command not to curse a ruler.

In 1 Kings 21:10, false witnesses accuse Naboth of blaspheming God and king, using the very prohibition of Exodus 22:28 as a pretext to kill him.

Psalm 82:6 Allusion

In Psalm 82:6, God calls human judges 'gods' (elohim), clarifying the same term used in Exodus 22:28 for those not to be reviled.

2 Samuel 19:21 explicitly references cursing the Lord's anointed, directly applying the principle from Exodus 22:28.

Isaiah 8:21 Contrast

In Isaiah 8:21, distressed people curse their king and God, directly violating the command of Exodus 22:28 not to revile them.

2 Samuel 16:9 shows Abishai's outrage at Shimei's cursing, highlighting the severity of cursing a ruler.

2 Samuel 16:5 shows Shimei cursing King David, a direct violation of the command not to curse a ruler.

Psalm 82:1-7 calls human rulers 'gods'—tying directly to the command here not to curse a ruler, who represents God's authority.

John 10:35 Citation

John 10:35 uses 'gods' for human rulers, echoing the dual command here: not reviling God nor cursing rulers.

1 Peter 2:17 echoes the dual command to honor God and the emperor, paralleling Exodus 22:28's respect for God and rulers.

Job 34:18 Parallel

In Job 34:18, Elihu argues it is unfitting to speak wickedly of a king, echoing the same respect for rulers commanded in Exodus 22:28.

Acts 23:3 Parallel

Acts 23:3 shows Paul rebuking the high priest, which he then corrects in 23:5, reflecting the command not to curse a ruler.

Titus 3:1 Parallel

Titus 3:1 echoes the command to respect rulers, applying it to Christian conduct.

Titus 3:2 Parallel

Titus 3:2 expands the prohibition against cursing rulers to a general command to speak evil of no one, applying the principle universally.