2 Peter 2:4 describes angels cast into gloomy darkness, the same phrase used here for the fate of false teachers.

Job 6:14-17 compares unreliable friends to deceitful brooks—same imagery as wells without water.

Jeremiah 14:3 describes cisterns holding no water—direct parallel to empty wells.

Jude 1:6 says fallen angels are kept in gloomy darkness until judgment, the same fate described for false teachers here.

Jude 1:12 uses identical phrase 'clouds without water'—a direct parallel or citation.

Jude 1:13 uses identical imagery — wild waves and wandering stars destined for the same gloom of darkness reserved for false teachers.

Jeremiah 2:13 uses the same waterless cistern imagery — false teachers are like broken cisterns that cannot hold water, echoing the emptiness here.

Matthew 8:12 speaks of outer darkness with weeping and gnashing — a common NT image of judgment, paralleling the gloom here.

Matthew 22:13 also mentions outer darkness as punishment, reinforcing the concept of darkness reserved for the wicked.

Matthew 25:30 uses the same 'outer darkness' phrase for a worthless servant, echoing the reserved gloom of judgment.